Basic Vocabulary – Page 73

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gobyerno

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law

English

governmentnoun

Alternative meanings: governmentnpublic administrationnpolitical authorityninstitution that leads a country, region, or city
Pronunciation: goh-BYER-noh
Root and affixes: Base form: gobyerno. It is an adapted loanword from Spanish gobierno.
Variants or conjugations: gobierno = form directly influenced by Spanishnsa gobyerno = in the government / of the governmentngobyernohan = government-related, depending on context
Related words and expressions: statenlawnpoliticsnmayornpresidentnmunicipality
Meaning and usage notes: “Gobyerno” is an adapted loanword and commonly used. It can refer to national government, local government, or public administration.

authoritybasic wordsgovernmentinstitutionpoliticsstate

Example 1

Ang gobyerno nagtabang sa mga tawo.

The government helps the people.

Example 2

Trabaho siya sa gobyerno.

He/She works in the government.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bilin

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to remain / to be leftverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to remainnto staynto be left overnto be left behindnwhat remains, depending on context
Pronunciation: BEE-lin
Root and affixes: Base form: bilin.
Variants or conjugations: mabilin = to remain / stay / be leftnnabilin = remained / stayed / was left overnbilinan = leave something for someonenbilin nga = remaining / left
Related words and expressions: pabilin = to stay / remainnsobra = excess / to be extranhabilin = remaining / leftnmagkita = meet upnangay = fit / be suitable, depending on context
Meaning and usage notes: “Bilin” covers “quedar” in the sense of remaining, staying, or being left over. For “quedar con alguien”, Cebuano uses another idea such as “magkita” for meeting. For “quedar bien”, “angay” or another expression may fit depending on context.

basic wordsleft overremainingto remainto stayverb

Example 1

Unsa pa ang nabilin?

What is still left?

Example 2

Mabilin ko dinhi.

I will stay here.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Agi

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to pass / to pass byverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to passnto pass by a placento go throughnto happenntrace or mark, depending on context
Pronunciation: AH-gee
Root and affixes: Root: agi.
Variants or conjugations: miagi = passed / passed bynmoagi = will pass / is going to pass bynagi-an = place or path one passes throughnagi lang = just pass bynnahitabo = happened, when “pass” means occur
Related words and expressions: passed bynwill passnpathnthrow/passnhappenednroad
Meaning and usage notes: “Agi” is often used for passing by a place or going through. If “pass” means “happen”, Cebuano can use “mahitabo” or “nahitabo” depending on tense.

basic wordshappenmovementpass byto passverb

Example 1

Moagi ko sa tindahan.

I will pass by the store.

Example 2

Unsa ang nahitabo?

What happened?

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kaila

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary People & Relationships

English

to know / to be acquainted withverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to know someonento be familiar with someone or somethingnan acquaintance, depending on context
Pronunciation: KAI-lah
Root and affixes: Base form: kaila.
Variants or conjugations: nakaila = knew / got to knownkaila ko = I knownkaila nimo = you know / your acquaintance, depending on contextnpagkaila = knowing or acquaintance relationship
Related words and expressions: kahibalo = to know information / know hownaila = identify / recognize, depending on contextnhimamat = meet for the first timentawo = personnhigala = friend
Meaning and usage notes: “Kaila” is used for knowing a person or being familiar with something. For knowing information or knowing how to do something, Cebuano usually uses “kahibalo”.

acquaintedbasic wordsfamiliaritypersonto knowverb

Example 1

Kaila ko niya.

I know him/her.

Example 2

Gusto ko makaila nimo.

I want to get to know you.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ulahi

Basic Vocabulary Qualities & Descriptions

English

last / lateadjective / adverb

Alternative meanings: lastnlatenafterwardnthe one at the endnmost recent, depending on context
Pronunciation: oo-LAH-hee
Root and affixes: Base form: ulahi.
Variants or conjugations: naulahi = arrived late / was delayednulahi na = it is already latensa ulahi = in the end / afterwardnkatapusan = final / last in the sense of conclusion
Related words and expressions: final/endnlate/delayednfirstnnextnfinishednin the end
Meaning and usage notes: “Ulahi” is used for something that happens later, arrives late, or comes last. For “the end” or “the conclusion”, “katapusan” is often used.

adjectivebasic wordsfinallastlate

Example 1

Ako ang ulahi.

I am the last one.

Example 2

Naulahi ko sa klase.

I was late to class.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Balay

Basic Vocabulary Home & Objects

English

house / homenoun

Alternative meanings: housenhomendwellingnplace where a person or family lives
Pronunciation: BAH-lai
Root and affixes: Base form: balay.
Variants or conjugations: mga balay = housesnbalay-balay = little house or playing house, depending on contextnpuy-anan = dwelling or residencenbalayan = structure or place related to a house, depending on context
Related words and expressions: puyo = to live or residenpuy-anan = residencenkwarto = roomnpultahan = doornbintana = window
Meaning and usage notes: Used for a physical house or a home. In many contexts it can also carry the emotional sense of home.

basic wordsdwellingfamilyhomehouse

Example 1

Naa ko sa balay.

I am at home.

Example 2

Dako ang ilang balay.

Their house is big.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Dugang pa

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words

English

besides / furthermoreconnector / adverb

Alternative meanings: besidesnfurthermorenin additionnalso or moreover, depending on context
Pronunciation: DOO-gahng pah
Root and affixes: Dugang means additional, increase, or added thing; pa adds a sense of still, more, or besides depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: gawas pa = besides / apart fromnapil pa = also includedndugang = additional / to addnusab = also / again
Related words and expressions: usab = alsonapil = includengawas = outside / apartndugang = additionalnunya = then / later
Meaning and usage notes: “Dugang pa” is used to add information: besides, additionally, or furthermore. For “besides something”, “gawas pa sa...” may fit better.

alsobasic wordsbesidesconnectorfurthermorein addition

Example 1

Dugang pa, importante kini.

Furthermore, this is important.

Example 2

Gawas pa sa trabaho, nagtuon siya.

Besides work, he/she studies.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Abot

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to arrive / to reachverb

Alternative meanings: to arrivento reachnto get to a placento be enough or reach a point, depending on context
Pronunciation: AH-boht
Root and affixes: Root: abot.
Variants or conjugations: miabot = arrivednmoabot = will arrive / is going to arrivennaabot = reached / got tonaboton = will be reached / will reachnabot na = already arrived
Related words and expressions: arrivednwill arrivenreachednreachncomengo
Meaning and usage notes: “Abot” can be used for arriving at a place, reaching an amount, or getting to a certain point. For “come”, “anhi” can also appear depending on context.

arrivebasic wordsmovementto arriveto reachverb

Example 1

Miabot na siya.

He/She has arrived.

Example 2

Moabot ko unya.

I will arrive later.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tawo

Basic Vocabulary People & Relationships

English

personnoun

Alternative meanings: personnhuman beingnpeopleninhabitant, depending on context
Pronunciation: TAH-woh
Root and affixes: Base form: tawo.
Variants or conjugations: mga tawo = people / personsntawhana = that personntawhanon = human / humanitarianntaga- = person from a place, as in taga-Cebu
Related words and expressions: peoplenthat personnmannwomannchildnfriendnfamily
Meaning and usage notes: “Tawo” can refer to one individual person or to people in general. The common plural is “mga tawo”.

basic wordshuman beingpeoplepersonrelationships

Example 1

Maayo siyang tawo.

He/She is a good person.

Example 2

Daghang tawo diri.

There are many people here.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Problema

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

problemnoun

Alternative meanings: problemndifficultynissue that needs a solutionnconflict or complicated situation
Pronunciation: pro-BLEH-mah
Root and affixes: Base form: problema. It is a borrowed word commonly used in modern Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: mga problema = problemsnproblemahon = problematic, depending on contextnwalay problema = no problem
Related words and expressions: lisod = difficultnsolusyon = solutionnkalisod = difficultynsamok = trouble / nuisancenkasamok = problem / disturbance
Meaning and usage notes: A very common borrowed word for difficulties, conflicts, or situations that need a solution. In some contexts, words like “lisod” or “samok” may also be used, but they do not always mean exactly “problem”.

basic wordsconflictdifficultyproblemsolution

Example 1

Aduna koy problema.

I have a problem.

Example 2

Walay problema.

No problem.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tawag

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to call / callverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to call someonento name or call somethingnto make a phone callna call, depending on context
Pronunciation: TAH-wahg
Root and affixes: Base form: tawag. It can work as a verb meaning to call and as a noun meaning a call.
Variants or conjugations: motawag = will call / is going to callnnagtawag = is callingngitawag = was calledntawagi = call someonentawagon = to call or be called
Related words and expressions: ngalan = namentelepono = telephonentubag = answernsulti = saynpangutana = ask
Meaning and usage notes: Used both for calling a person and making a phone call. It is also used in phrases like “unsa imong tawag ani?” to ask what something is called.

callnamephone calltelephoneverb

Example 1

Tawagi ko unya.

Call me later.

Example 2

Unsa imong tawag ani?

What do you call this?

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tugot

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Society & Community

English

to allow / permissionnoun / verb

Alternative meanings: to allownto give permissionnto authorizenpermission or consent, depending on context
Pronunciation: TOO-goht
Root and affixes: Root: tugot.
Variants or conjugations: motugot = to allow / to agreengitugotan = allowed / was permittedntugoti = allow him/her/itnpagtugot = permission or the act of allowing
Related words and expressions: permiso = permission, borrowed form depending on contextnuyon = to agreendili motugot = not allownbawal = prohibitednsugot = accept / consent
Meaning and usage notes: “Tugot” can work as the idea of permission or as the root for verb forms. To say “to allow”, Cebuano often uses “motugot” or “tugoti”, depending on the sentence.

authorizebasic wordsconsentpermissionto allowverb

Example 1

Motugot ka?

Do you allow it?

Example 2

Gitugotan ko niya nga mosulod.

He/She allowed me to enter.

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