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Government, politics, public offices, states, and laws.
Referendum.noun
reh-feh-REN-dum
Loanword from “referendum”, used in political and legal contexts.
Used when citizens vote directly on a proposal, law, or public decision.
Adunay referendum bahin sa bag-ong balaod.
There is a referendum about the new law.
Ang katawhan moboto sa referendum.
The people will vote in the referendum.
Prostitution.noun
pros-tee-too-SYON
Loanword adapted from “prostitution”.
Sensitive term; it may appear in social, legal, public health, or human rights contexts.
Gihisgutan sa balaod ang isyu sa prostitusyon.
The law addresses the issue of prostitution.
Kinahanglan ang paghisgot niini nga hilisgutan nga adunay respeto.
This topic should be discussed with respect.
To confiscate; to seize.verb
kom-pis-KAH-hon
From “kompiska” = to confiscate, with the verbal form “kompiskahon”.
Used when an authority seizes goods, documents, drugs, weapons, or objects related to an investigation.
Kompiskahon sa polis ang ilegal nga armas.
The police will confiscate the illegal weapons.
Gisamsam sa awtoridad ang mga dokumento.
The authorities seized the documents.
Ownership; titleholding.noun
pag-kah-tag-EE-yah
From “tag-iya” = owner, with the nominal form “pagkatag-iya”.
Used in legal, administrative, registry, or property contexts.
Gipamatud-an niya ang pagkatag-iya sa yuta.
He/she proved ownership of the land.
Kinahanglan ang dokumento sa pagkatag-iya sa sakyanan.
The vehicle ownership document is needed.
Abstention.noun
pag-lee-KAI sah pag-BOH-toh
From “likay” = to avoid/abstain + “pagboto” = voting.
In electoral contexts, it means not voting; in general use, it can mean abstaining from doing something.
Misaka ang paglikay sa pagboto niining eleksyon.
Abstention increased in this election.
Gipili niya ang dili pagboto sa maong isyu.
He/she chose to abstain on that issue.
Guideline; directive.noun
GEE-yah
“Giya” means guide or guidance; it can refer to a practical or normative instruction.
For official or institutional guidelines, “direktiba” or “mga lagda” can also be used.
Sunda ang giya sa proyekto.
Follow the project guideline.
Nagpagawas ang opisina og bag-ong direktiba.
The office issued a new directive.
Anti-corruption.adjective/noun
KON-trah koh-RAP-syon
From “kontra” = against + “korapsyon” = corruption.
Used in politics, law, government, public campaigns, and institutional measures.
Nagpatuman sila og kontra korapsyon nga programa.
They implemented an anti-corruption program.
Importante ang mga balaod batok sa korapsyon.
Anti-corruption laws are important.
Investigation; inquiry.noun
im-bes-tee-gah-SYON
Loanword adapted from “investigation”, used in formal and legal contexts.
“Imbestigasyon” is common for police, legal, or formal investigations; “pagsusi” can be a more general review or examination.
Nagsugod na ang imbestigasyon sa kaso.
The investigation of the case has already started.
Nagkinahanglan sila og dugang nga kasayuran para sa imbestigasyon.
They need more information for the investigation.
To issue; to dispatch.verb/verbal noun
pag-EES-yoo
From “isyu” = to issue, with the nominal or verbal form “pag-isyu”.
For official documents, “pag-isyu” or “moisyu” is natural; for shipping goods, “ipadala” or “ipadispatsa” may be used.
Ang opisina moisyu sa sertipiko ugma.
The office will issue the certificate tomorrow.
Giproseso ang pag-isyu sa lisensya.
The issuance of the license was processed.
Call; appeal; public call.noun
pah-nah-WAH-gahn
Related to “tawag” = to call, with the nominal form “panawagan”.
Often used for public, political, social, religious, or community appeals.
Naghimo sila og panawagan alang sa kalinaw.
They made a call for peace.
Ang mayor nagpagawas og panawagan sa mga residente.
The mayor issued an appeal to the residents.
Dismissal from office; removal.noun
pag-tang-TANG sah kah-toong-DAH-nahn
From “pagtangtang” = removing + “katungdanan” = duty, office, or position.
Used in work, political, administrative, or legal contexts.
Gipahibalo ang pagtangtang sa katungdanan sa opisyal.
The dismissal from office of the official was announced.
Ang kaso miresulta sa iyang pagtangtang sa posisyon.
The case resulted in removal from the position.
to remove from officeverb
tang-TANG-on sa ka-tung-DA-nan
Used especially for public offices, official positions, or institutional responsibilities.
Tangtangon siya sa katungdanan.
He or she will be removed from office.
Gipahawa sa puesto ang opisyal.
The official was removed from the position.