Ideas & Abstract Concepts – Page 40

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kausaban

English

changenoun

Alternative meanings: changentransformationnalterationnmodificationnvariation in a situation or state
Pronunciation: kah-oo-SAH-bahn
Root and affixes: Related to usab, to change, repeat, or again depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: pagbag-o = change / renewal / modificationnusab = change / again, depending on contextnnausab = changed / was changednmga kausaban = changes
Related words and expressions: usab = change / againnbag-o = newnpagbag-o = change / renewalnlahi = differentnkalainan = difference
Meaning and usage notes: “Kausaban” is used for change as a result or transformation. For the act of changing or modifying, Cebuano may use “pagbag-o” or forms of “usab” depending on the sentence.

basic wordschangedifferencemodificationtransformationvariation

Example 1

Adunay kausaban sa plano.

There is a change in the plan.

Example 2

Dako ang kausaban.

The change is big.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Proseso

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

processnoun

Alternative meanings: processnseries of stepsnmethodndevelopment or procedure for achieving something
Pronunciation: pro-SEH-soh
Root and affixes: Base form: proseso. It is a borrowed word commonly used in modern Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: mga proseso = processesnprosesong = process before a nounnpagproseso = processing / act of processing
Related words and expressions: pamaagi = method / waynpaagi = way / mannernsistema = systemnlakang = stepnplano = plan
Meaning and usage notes: “Proseso” is used in education, technology, work, government, and daily life for steps or procedures. For “way/method”, Cebuano may also use “pamaagi” or “paagi”.

basic wordsmethodprocedureprocessstepssystem

Example 1

Lisod ang proseso.

The process is difficult.

Example 2

Sabta una ang proseso.

Understand the process first.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pananglitan

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

example / for examplenoun / connector

Alternative meanings: exampleninstancensamplenfor examplena case that illustrates an idea
Pronunciation: pah-nahng-LEE-tahn
Root and affixes: Related root: sanglit. The form pananglitan is used for example, instance, or sample.
Variants or conjugations: pananglit = for example, variant or related formnehemplo = example, a loanword used in some contextsnmuwestra = samplenpananglitan nga sentensiya = example sentence
Related words and expressions: sanglit = since / becausenpananglit = for examplenehemplo = examplenmuwestra = samplenexplanation = explanation
Meaning and usage notes: Used as a noun for “example” and also as a connector for “for example”. It is a very common and natural Cebuano form.

basic wordsexamplefor exampleinstancesample

Example 1

Hatagi ko og pananglitan.

Give me an example.

Example 2

Pananglitan, pwede ta magsugod ugma.

For example, we can start tomorrow.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kaugalingon

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships

English

own / selfnoun / possessive adjective

Alternative meanings: ownnselfnof oneselfnpersonal identity or belonging, depending on context
Pronunciation: kah-oo-gah-LEE-ngon
Root and affixes: Related to ugalingon, oneself or own self.
Variants or conjugations: akong kaugalingon = my own / myselfnimong kaugalingon = your own / yourselfniyang kaugalingon = his/her own / himself/herselfnsa kaugalingon = own / personal
Related words and expressions: akoa = minenimoha = yoursniya = his/hersnpersonal = personal, borrowed formnangay = proper / suitable, depending on context
Meaning and usage notes: “Kaugalingon” covers “propio” in the sense of belonging to oneself or related to oneself. If “propio” means suitable, correct, or proper, another word like “angay” may fit depending on context.

basic wordsidentityownpersonalpossessiveself

Example 1

Akong kaugalingon nga balay.

My own house.

Example 2

Higugmaa ang imong kaugalingon.

Love yourself.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Sentro

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Places & Geography

English

centernoun

Alternative meanings: centernmiddle pointnmain placencentral areancenter as an institution or service place, depending on context
Pronunciation: SEN-troh
Root and affixes: Base form: sentro. It is a borrowed word commonly used in modern Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: mga sentro = centersnsentrong = center before a nounnsa sentro = in the center
Related words and expressions: tunga = middle / halfndapit = place / areanlugar = placendakbayan = citynopisina = office
Meaning and usage notes: “Sentro” is used for the physical center of a place, the central point of an idea, or a center as an institution. For “middle/half”, “tunga” may be more natural.

basic wordscentercentral areageographymiddleplace

Example 1

Anaa ko sa sentro sa dakbayan.

I am in the city center.

Example 2

Ang eskwelahan naa sa sentro.

The school is in the center.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kinabuhi

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

lifenoun

Alternative meanings: lifenexistencenway of livingnlife experience
Pronunciation: kee-nah-BOO-hee
Root and affixes: Related root: buhi = alive / to live. Kinabuhi works as the noun for life.
Variants or conjugations: buhi = alive / to livenkinabuhian = livelihoodnpagkinabuhi = way of livingnwalay kinabuhi = lifeless / without life
Related words and expressions: alivenlivelihoodnway of livingndeathnpersonnworld
Meaning and usage notes: Kinabuhi is used for a person life, existence, or way of living. Buhi is closer to alive or being alive.

basic wordsconceptexistencelifeliving

Example 1

Nindot ang kinabuhi.

Life is beautiful.

Example 2

Mao ni akong kinabuhi.

This is my life.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Proyekto

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Work & Professions

English

projectnoun

Alternative meanings: projectnorganized plannwork or activity with a goalnschool, work, or community task
Pronunciation: pro-YEK-toh
Root and affixes: Base form: proyekto. It is a borrowed word used in modern Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: mga proyekto = projectsnproyektong = project before a nounnproject = English form that may also appear in modern contexts
Related words and expressions: plano = planntrabaho = work / jobnbuhat = to do / workntumong = goalneskwela = school
Meaning and usage notes: Used for school, work, community, technical, or creative projects. It is a common and understandable borrowed word in modern Cebuano.

basic wordsgoalplanprojecttaskwork

Example 1

Aduna koy bag-ong proyekto.

I have a new project.

Example 2

Human na ang proyekto.

The project is finished.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kahimtang

Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

situation / conditionnoun

Alternative meanings: situationnstatenconditionncircumstance or the way something currently is
Pronunciation: kah-HIM-tahng
Root and affixes: Related root: himtang. The form kahimtang expresses state, condition, or situation.
Variants or conjugations: sitwasyon = situation, a loanword used in conversationnkalagayan = condition or state, depending on contextnmaayong kahimtang = good situation or good condition
Related words and expressions: sitwasyon = situationnkondisyon = conditionnbutang = thing or matternpanghitabo = eventnsangputanan = result
Meaning and usage notes: Used to describe the state of a person, place, problem, matter, or context. “Sitwasyon” is also understood as a loanword, but “kahimtang” sounds more native for state or situation.

abstract conceptcircumstanceconditionsituationstate

Example 1

Unsa ang kahimtang karon?

What is the situation now?

Example 2

Lisod ang kahimtang sa pamilya.

The family situation is difficult.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Problema

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

problemnoun

Alternative meanings: problemndifficultynissue that needs a solutionnconflict or complicated situation
Pronunciation: pro-BLEH-mah
Root and affixes: Base form: problema. It is a borrowed word commonly used in modern Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: mga problema = problemsnproblemahon = problematic, depending on contextnwalay problema = no problem
Related words and expressions: lisod = difficultnsolusyon = solutionnkalisod = difficultynsamok = trouble / nuisancenkasamok = problem / disturbance
Meaning and usage notes: A very common borrowed word for difficulties, conflicts, or situations that need a solution. In some contexts, words like “lisod” or “samok” may also be used, but they do not always mean exactly “problem”.

basic wordsconflictdifficultyproblemsolution

Example 1

Aduna koy problema.

I have a problem.

Example 2

Walay problema.

No problem.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bahin

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

partnoun

Alternative meanings: partnsectionnportionndivision of somethingnabout or concerning, in the expression bahin sa
Pronunciation: BAH-hin
Root and affixes: Base form: bahin.
Variants or conjugations: kabahin = related to / part ofnbahina = divide or share outnbahin sa = about / concerning / part ofnusa ka bahin = one part
Related words and expressions: kabahinnbahinanpiecenhalfnincludednabout
Meaning and usage notes: It can also mean “about” or “concerning”, as in “bahin sa...” = “about...”.

basic wordsconceptdivisionpartportionsection

Example 1

Kini usa ka bahin sa libro.

This is a part of the book.

Example 2

Bahin kini sa plano.

This is part of the plan.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kalamboan

Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

developmentnoun

Alternative meanings: developmentngrowthnprogressnimprovement or advancement of something
Pronunciation: kah-lahm-BOH-ahn
Root and affixes: Root: lambo. The form kalamboan uses ka- -an and expresses development, growth, or progress.
Variants or conjugations: pag-uswag = progress, improvement, or developmentnkauswagan = progress or prosperitynmalamboon = developed or prosperousnlambo = to prosper or flourish
Related words and expressions: pag-uswag = progress or improvementnuswag = to advance or improvenkauswagan = progressnlambo = to prospernprogreso = progress, a loanword used in some contexts
Meaning and usage notes: Used for the development of a person, community, project, economy, skill, or process. For the action of advancing or improving, “uswag” or “pag-uswag” is also used.

abstract conceptdevelopmentgrowthimprovementprogress

Example 1

Importante ang kalamboan sa komunidad.

The development of the community is important.

Example 2

Makita ang kalamboan sa proyekto.

The development of the project can be seen.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Sistema

Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

systemnoun

Alternative meanings: systemnorganized methodnset of connected partsnstructure or process that works as a unit
Pronunciation: sis-TEH-mah
Root and affixes: Base form: sistema. It is a borrowed word used in modern Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: mga sistema = systemsnsistemang = system/systemic before a nounnsistema sa = system of
Related words and expressions: pamaagi = method / waynproseso = processnpaagi = way / mannernteknolohiya = technologynorganisasyon = organization
Meaning and usage notes: Commonly used in technology, education, government, organization, processes, and methods. Although borrowed from Spanish/English, it functions as a common word in modern Cebuano.

methodorganizationprocesssystemtechnology

Example 1

Naguba ang sistema.

The system broke down.

Example 2

Bag-o ang among sistema.

Our system is new.

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