Ideas & Abstract Concepts – Page 44

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ideya

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

ideanoun

Alternative meanings: idea
thought
concept
opinion or mental plan
Pronunciation: ee-DEH-yah
Root and affixes: Base form: ideya. It is an adapted loanword used for idea, thought, or concept.
Variants or conjugations: ideya = idea
huna-huna = thought / idea
konsepto = concept
plano = plan, depending on context
opinyon = opinion
Related words and expressions: thought
concept
opinion
plan
creation/create
meaning
Meaning and usage notes: “Ideya” is very common for idea. If talking more about an internal thought, “huna-huna” may sound more natural.

basic wordsconceptideamindopinionplanthought

Example 1

Naa koy ideya.

I have an idea.

Example 2

Nindot ang imong ideya.

Your idea is good.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kahimoan

English

possibilitynoun

Alternative meanings: possibility
potential
possible option
probability
something that can happen
accomplishment or result depending on context
Pronunciation: kah-hee-MOO-ahn
Root and affixes: From the root “himo”, meaning to do, make, become, or produce. “Kahimoan” can express possibility, capacity to happen, or potential.
Variants or conjugations: mahimo = possible / can / can be done
posible = possible
posibilidad = possibility, direct loanword depending on context
may kahimoan = there is a possibility
walay kahimoan = there is no possibility
Related words and expressions: posible = possible
mahimo = can / can be done
himo = make/do
opportunidad = opportunity
pili = option or choose
Meaning and usage notes: “Kahimoan” works well for possibility as potential or the chance that something may happen. In everyday conversation, “mahimo” is often used for “can be / it is possible”.

canfutureoptionpossibilitypotentialprobability

Example 1

Adunay kahimoan nga moulan ugma.

There is a possibility that it will rain tomorrow.

Example 2

Walay kahimoan nga mahuman kini karon.

There is no possibility that this will be finished today.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Makaapekto

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to affect; to influenceverb

Alternative meanings: To affect; to influence; to have an effect or impact on something or someone.
Pronunciation: mah-kah-ah-PEK-toh
Root and affixes: Related to epekto, an established loanword for “effect.” Forms: makaapekto, naapektuhan, epekto.
Variants or conjugations: naapektuhan; makaapekto; epekto; apektado
Related words and expressions: epekto; influence; result; problem; situation
Meaning and usage notes: Makaapekto is common in modern contexts. For “to be affected,” use naapektuhan or apektado depending on the sentence.

effectimpactproblemresultto affectto influenceverb

Example 1

Makaapekto kini sa imong trabaho.

This can affect your work.

Example 2

Naapektuhan ang ilang plano.

Their plan was affected.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kamatuoran

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

reality / truthnoun

Alternative meanings: reality
truth
fact
evidence
proof
what is true
Pronunciation: kah-mah-too-OH-rahn
Root and affixes: From “matuod”, meaning true. “Kamatuoran” names truth, facts, or the reality of something.
Variants or conjugations: matuod = true
tinuod = true / real
tuod = truly / really
realidad = reality, direct loanword depending on context
pagkamatuod = veracity or state of being true
Related words and expressions: tinuod = true or real
matuod = true
sentido = sense
kahulogan = meaning
pamatuod = proof or verification
Meaning and usage notes: Use “kamatuoran” for reality when talking about truth, facts, or what is real. For “virtual reality” or modern terms, “realidad” may appear as a loanword.

evidencefactproofrealrealitytruth

Example 1

Lisod dawaton ang kamatuoran.

It is hard to accept reality.

Example 2

Ang kamatuoran mogawas ra gihapon.

The truth/reality will still come out.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Modesisyon

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to decide; to make a decisionverb

Alternative meanings: To decide; to choose between options; to make a decision about something.
Pronunciation: moh-deh-SIS-yohn
Root and affixes: Related to desisyon, an established loanword for “decision.” Forms: modesisyon, midesisyon, pagdesisyon.
Variants or conjugations: desisyon; midesisyon; modesisyon; pagdesisyon
Related words and expressions: pili; hunahuna; plano; option; result
Meaning and usage notes: Modesisyon is common in modern speech. For “to choose,” pili may be more direct; for “decision,” desisyon.

decisionoptionresultthinkto chooseto decideverb

Example 1

Kinahanglan ko modesisyon karon.

I need to decide now.

Example 2

Midesisyon siya nga mopadayon.

He/She decided to continue.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Modelo

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions Technology & Information

English

model; pattern; examplenoun

Alternative meanings: Model; pattern; example; design or reference that is followed or imitated.
Pronunciation: mo-DEH-loh
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish/English “modelo/model,” used in modern contexts.
Variants or conjugations: modelo nga; panig-ingnan; sumbanan
Related words and expressions: panig-ingnan; sumbanan; design; mold; style
Meaning and usage notes: Modelo is used in modern contexts for model, design, or type. For “role model,” panig-ingnan or sumbanan may sound more native depending on the sentence.

basic wordsdesignexamplemodelpatternreferencetype

Example 1

Kini ang modelo sa bag-ong balay.

This is the model of the new house.

Example 2

Maayo siya nga modelo sa kabataan.

He/She is a good role model for the youth.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Hinumdom

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to remember / memoryverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to remember
to recall
memory
remembrance, depending on context
Pronunciation: hee-NOOM-dohm
Root and affixes: Base form: hinumdom. It can work as a verb related to remembering and as a noun for memory or remembrance.
Variants or conjugations: hinumdom = remember / memory
mahinumdom = to remember / recall
nahinumdom = remembered / recalled
hinumdumi = remember something or someone
pahinumdom = to remind someone / reminder
Related words and expressions: memory/remembrance
reminder
thought
forget
past
moment/occasion
Meaning and usage notes: “Hinumdom” is a basic word for remembering. “Pahinumdom” is often used for a reminder or making someone remember something.

basic wordsmemoryrecallrememberreminderthoughtverb

Example 1

Nakahinumdom ko nimo.

I remembered you.

Example 2

Pahinumdumi ko unya.

Remind me later.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Maabot

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to reach; to arrive at; to achieveverb

Alternative meanings: To reach; to arrive at; to achieve a place, goal, level, amount, or moment.
Pronunciation: mah-AH-boht
Root and affixes: Root: abot. Common forms: maabot, nakaabot, miabot, pag-abot.
Variants or conjugations: abot; maabot; nakaabot; miabot; pag-abot
Related words and expressions: abot; moabot; goal; level; place; time
Meaning and usage notes: Maabot is used for reaching a goal, arriving at a place, or reaching a level. It can also mean physically reaching something by hand depending on context.

goalleveltimeto achieveto arriveto reachverb

Example 1

Maabot nato ang atong tumong.

We can reach our goal.

Example 2

Nakaabot siya sa taas nga lebel.

He/She reached a high level.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kontrol

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

control; to controlnoun / verb

Alternative meanings: Control; command; management or regulation of something. It can also be used with the meaning to control.
Pronunciation: kon-TROL
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish/English “control,” adapted as kontrol.
Variants or conjugations: kontrolado; pagkontrol; mokontrol; gikontrol
Related words and expressions: dumala; mando; disiplina; pugong; power
Meaning and usage notes: Kontrol is common in modern contexts. For managing or administering something, dumala may also fit; for restraining or holding back, pugong can be more specific.

basic wordscommandcontrolmanagementregulatesystemto control

Example 1

Naa siyay kontrol sa sitwasyon.

He/She has control of the situation.

Example 2

Lisod kontrolon ang kasuko.

It is hard to control anger.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gahum

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

authority / powernoun / verb

Alternative meanings: authority
power
influence
jurisdiction
right to command or decide
force or dominance
Pronunciation: GAH-hoom
Root and affixes: Base form: gahum/gahom. It names authority, power, influence, or dominance; it can also work verbally with the sense of gathering strength or overpowering.
Variants or conjugations: gahom = documented spelling variant
gamhanan = powerful / having authority
kagamhanan = government or governmental authority
makagagahum = almighty / very powerful
pagahum = empower or give authority
awtoridad = authority, direct loanword
Related words and expressions: kagamhanan = government
balaod = law
gobiyerno = government
kusog = strength
labaw = superior or surpass
Meaning and usage notes: Use “gahum” for authority as power, influence, or the right to decide. For an official institution or authority figure, “awtoridad” or “kagamhanan” may also appear depending on context.

authoritygovernmentinfluencejurisdictionlawpower

Example 1

Aduna siyay gahum sa paghimo og desisyon.

He/She has the authority to make a decision.

Example 2

Ang balaod naghatag og gahum sa kagamhanan.

The law gives authority to the government.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Datos

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

data / piece of informationnoun

Alternative meanings: data
piece of information
information
recorded fact or detail
Pronunciation: DAH-tohs
Root and affixes: Base form: datos. It is a loanword used in modern contexts for data, especially technology, reports, or records.
Variants or conjugations: datos = data / piece of information
impormasyon = information
detalye = detail
rekord = record
data = data, English loanword in technical contexts
Related words and expressions: information
detail
record
technology
number
list
Meaning and usage notes: “Datos” is common in modern contexts. If the meaning is general information, “impormasyon” may sound more natural.

basic wordsdatadetailinformationrecordtechnology

Example 1

Kinahanglan nato ang datos.

We need the data.

Example 2

Importante ang impormasyon.

The information is important.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Espesyal

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships Qualities & Descriptions

English

specialadjective

Alternative meanings: Special; distinct; important; having particular value or different treatment.
Pronunciation: es-PES-yahl
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish/English “especial/special,” adapted as espesyal.
Variants or conjugations: espesyal nga; labi; talagsaon
Related words and expressions: importante; pinili; mahal; talagsaon; lahi
Meaning and usage notes: Espesyal is very common in modern contexts. Talagsaon can be used for something rare, unique, or extraordinary, depending on the meaning.

adjectivedistinctimportantlovespecialuniquevalue

Example 1

Espesyal ka para nako.

You are special to me.

Example 2

Aduna koy espesyal nga regalo.

I have a special gift.

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