Ideas & Abstract Concepts – Page 45

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kusog

English

strength / forcenoun / adjective

Alternative meanings: strength
force
energy
vigor
power
intensity
Pronunciation: KOO-sog
Root and affixes: Base form: kusog. It can name strength or energy, and it can also describe something strong, intense, or powerful depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: makusog = strong / powerful / vigorous
kusgan = strong, mighty, or sturdy
kinakusgan = strongest
puwersa = force, especially physical or literal force
pwersa = variant of puwersa
Related words and expressions: puwersa = force
baskog = strong or vigorous
kusgan = strong
lig-on = sturdy or firm
gahum = power
Meaning and usage notes: “Kusog” is very useful because it covers physical strength, energy, power, and intensity. For “force” in a physical/technical sense, “puwersa” also fits.

energyforcepowerstrengthstrongvigor

Example 1

Daghan siya og kusog.

He/She has a lot of strength.

Example 2

Kusog kaayo ang hangin.

The wind is very strong.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Mahitabo

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to happen; to occur; to take placeverb

Alternative meanings: To happen; to occur; to take place; for an event or situation to happen.
Pronunciation: mah-hee-TAH-boh
Root and affixes: Related to the root hitabo. Common forms: nahitabo, mahitabo, panghitabo.
Variants or conjugations: nahitabo; mahitabo; panghitabo; hitabo
Related words and expressions: kadamgo; kahimtang; panahon; panghitabo; result
Meaning and usage notes: Mahitabo is used for something that can happen or occur. Nahitabo means something already happened.

basic wordseventsituationto happento occurto take placeverb

Example 1

Unsay mahitabo ugma?

What will happen tomorrow?

Example 2

Nahitabo kini gahapon.

This happened yesterday.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Sentido

Basic Vocabulary Body & Health Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

sensenoun

Alternative meanings: sense
meaning
sensation
sensory faculty
common sense or judgment
awareness or perception
Pronunciation: sen-TEE-doh
Root and affixes: Adapted loanword from Spanish “sentido”. It can refer to sense as perception, meaning, or practical judgment depending on the sentence.
Variants or conjugations: sentido komun = common sense
kahulogan = meaning, sense, or significance
katukatu = good sense / common sense
pamati = feel or listen, depending on context
direksyon = direction or sense of movement
Related words and expressions: kahulogan = meaning
katukatu = common sense
sabot = understand
direksyon = direction
pamati = feel / listen
Meaning and usage notes: For “sense” as the meaning of a word or phrase, “kahulogan” is often more precise. For “common sense,” “sentido komun” or “katukatu” can appear.

directionjudgmentmeaningperceptionsensationsense

Example 1

Unsa ang kahulogan niini nga pulong?

What is the meaning/sense of this word?

Example 2

Kinahanglan gamiton nato ang sentido komun.

We need to use common sense.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Katilingban

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

societynoun

Alternative meanings: society
community
group of people who live or interact together
organized social group
Pronunciation: kah-tee-LEENG-bahn
Root and affixes: Base form: katilingban. It is used for society, community, or a social collective.
Variants or conjugations: katilingban = society / community
komunidad = community, common loanword
sosyal = social
katilingbanon = social or community-related
grupo = group
Related words and expressions: community
social
social/community-related
person/people
group
country/nation
Meaning and usage notes: “Katilingban” is a strong word for society in a social or community sense. For a local community, “komunidad” can also be used.

basic wordscollectivecommunitypeoplesocialsocial groupsociety

Example 1

Importante ang papel sa katilingban.

The role of society is important.

Example 2

Ang katilingban nagkinahanglan og tabang.

Society needs help.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Himoon

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to convert / to turn intoverb

Alternative meanings: to convert
to turn into
to transform
to make something become another form
Pronunciation: hee-MOH-ohn
Root and affixes: Related to buhat/himo, to make or do. “Himoon” expresses making or turning something into something else depending on the sentence.
Variants or conjugations: himoon = to convert / to make become
gihimo = converted / made
himoa = convert / make
usbon = to change or modify
mahimong = to become / turn into
Related words and expressions: make/do
do/make
change/again
form
become
state/condition
Meaning and usage notes: “Himoon” works when convert means making something become something else. If the meaning is to change or modify, “usbon” may fit better.

actionchangeconvertformmaketransformverb

Example 1

Himoon nato kini nga mas maayo.

We will turn this into something better.

Example 2

Mahimong dako ang gamay nga ideya.

A small idea can become something big.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Luna

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Places & Geography

English

spacenoun

Alternative meanings: space
available room
area
place or gap for something
Pronunciation: LOO-nah
Root and affixes: Base form: luna. It is used for available space, room, or area for something.
Variants or conjugations: luna = space / available room
dapit = place or area
wanang = space / interval / gap, depending on context
kalawakan = outer space / universe
space = space, common loanword in modern contexts
Related words and expressions: place/area
space/gap
place
part
form
outer space
Meaning and usage notes: “Luna” works for space as available room. If talking about outer space, the better word is “kalawakan”.

areabasic wordsgapgeographyplaceroomspace

Example 1

Naa pay luna dinhi.

There is still space here.

Example 2

Kinahanglan ta og mas dako nga luna.

We need a bigger space.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Talagsaon

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

uniqueadjective

Alternative meanings: unique
rare
special
extraordinary
uncommon
singular
Pronunciation: tah-lag-SAH-on
Root and affixes: From “talagsa”, which expresses rarity or low frequency. “Talagsaon” describes something rare, special, singular, or uncommon.
Variants or conjugations: talagsa = seldom / rarely
talagsaon uyamot = very unique / extremely rare
bugtong = sole, lone, or only child depending on context
dili komun = not common
ekstraordinaryo = extraordinary
Related words and expressions: bugtong = sole or only
lahi = different
espesyal = special
pangitaon = scarce or hard to find
usa = one
Meaning and usage notes: Use “talagsaon” for unique in the sense of special, rare, or singular. Use “bugtong” when you mean sole/only one/only child.

extraordinaryraresingularspecialuncommonunique

Example 1

Talagsaon kaayo kini nga higayon.

This moment is very unique/special.

Example 2

Bugtong anak siya.

He/She is an only child.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Posible

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

possibleadjective

Alternative meanings: possible
probable
feasible
able to happen
able to be done
Pronunciation: poh-SEEB-leh
Root and affixes: Adapted loanword from Spanish “posible”. It is used for something that can happen, exist, or be done.
Variants or conjugations: mahimo = possible / can / can be done
puwede = possible / allowed / can
imposible = impossible
kung mahimo = if possible
posibleng = possible before a noun
Related words and expressions: mahimo = can be done or possible
puwede = can or allowed
imposible = impossible
hitabo = happen
himo = make/do
Meaning and usage notes: “Posible” is clear and direct. In everyday conversation, “mahimo” and “puwede” are very useful for saying “can,” “possible,” or “can be done”.

abilitycanfeasibleoptionpossibleprobable

Example 1

Posible nga mahitabo kini.

It is possible that this will happen.

Example 2

Kung mahimo, tabangi ko.

If possible, help me.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Lahi

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

differentadjective / verb

Alternative meanings: different
distinct
diverse
dissimilar
to be different
Pronunciation: LAH-hee
Root and affixes: Base form: lahi. As an adjective it means different or distinct; it can also work verbally with the sense of being different or separate.
Variants or conjugations: lahì = different / distinct
lahì-lahì = of different kinds
nagkalahi = differ or are different
palahi = do something different from the usual
lain = another, different, or strange depending on context
Related words and expressions: lain = another or different
lain-lain = various or diverse
palahi = differ / set apart
pareho = same
usa = one / same depending on context
Meaning and usage notes: “Lahi” is a clear form for different. “Lain” can also mean different, but it can carry shades of another, strange, odd, or even bad depending on the sentence.

comparisondescriptiondifferentdistinctdiverseother

Example 1

Lahi kini sa akong gihunahuna.

This is different from what I thought.

Example 2

Nagkalahi ang ilang opinyon.

Their opinions are different.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Anaa

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to exist; there is; to be presentverb / existence word

Alternative meanings: To exist; there is/there are; to be present in a place or situation.
Pronunciation: ah-NAH-ah
Root and affixes: Common form related to naa, used for existence or presence.
Variants or conjugations: naa; anaa; wala
Related words and expressions: naa; wala; didto; dinhi; presence
Meaning and usage notes: Anaa can sound more formal or complete; naa is very common in everyday speech. For non-existence, wala is used.

basic wordsbeingpresencestatethere isto be presentto exist

Example 1

Anaa ang tubag dinhi.

The answer exists/is here.

Example 2

Naa kay oras?

Do you have time? / Is there time?

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Hilisgutan

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

topic; subject; themenoun

Alternative meanings: Topic; subject; theme; something that is talked about, written about, or dealt with.
Pronunciation: hee-lis-GOO-tahn
Root and affixes: Related to hisgot, meaning to talk about or mention a matter.
Variants or conjugations: hisgot; gihisgutan; paghisgot
Related words and expressions: istorya; punto; ideya; sulod
Meaning and usage notes: Hilisgutan works well for a conversation topic, class topic, text topic, or matter being discussed. “Tema” may also appear as a loanword in modern contexts, but hilisgutan is more native-sounding.

basic wordsclassconversationideasubjectthemetopic

Example 1

Unsa ang atong hilisgutan karon?

What is our topic today?

Example 2

Lisod ang hilisgutan sa klase.

The class topic is difficult.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ingon ani

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

like this / this wayadverb / expression

Alternative meanings: like this
this way
in this manner
as this
Pronunciation: EEN-gohn ah-NEE
Root and affixes: Expression formed with “ingon” and “ani”. It is used to show manner, form, or way: like this, this way.
Variants or conjugations: ingon ani = like this / this way
ingon ana = like that / that way
ingon niini = in this manner, more formal
pareho ani = like this / same as this
mao ni = this is / this is it, depending on context
Related words and expressions: this
that
that is/it is
same/like
form
way/method
Meaning and usage notes: “Ingon ani” is used for “así” when showing or explaining how something is done. For “así” as confirmation, “mao na” or “sakto” may fit depending on the sentence.

as thisbasic wordsformfunction wordlike thismannerthis way

Example 1

Buhata ingon ani.

Do it like this.

Example 2

Ingon ani ang porma.

The form is like this.

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