Ideas & Abstract Concepts – Page 46

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kontrol

English

control; to controlnoun / verb

Alternative meanings: Control; command; management or regulation of something. It can also be used with the meaning to control.
Pronunciation: kon-TROL
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish/English “control,” adapted as kontrol.
Variants or conjugations: kontrolado; pagkontrol; mokontrol; gikontrol
Related words and expressions: dumala; mando; disiplina; pugong; power
Meaning and usage notes: Kontrol is common in modern contexts. For managing or administering something, dumala may also fit; for restraining or holding back, pugong can be more specific.

basic wordscommandcontrolmanagementregulatesystemto control

Example 1

Naa siyay kontrol sa sitwasyon.

He/She has control of the situation.

Example 2

Lisod kontrolon ang kasuko.

It is hard to control anger.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gahum

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

authority / powernoun / verb

Alternative meanings: authority
power
influence
jurisdiction
right to command or decide
force or dominance
Pronunciation: GAH-hoom
Root and affixes: Base form: gahum/gahom. It names authority, power, influence, or dominance; it can also work verbally with the sense of gathering strength or overpowering.
Variants or conjugations: gahom = documented spelling variant
gamhanan = powerful / having authority
kagamhanan = government or governmental authority
makagagahum = almighty / very powerful
pagahum = empower or give authority
awtoridad = authority, direct loanword
Related words and expressions: kagamhanan = government
balaod = law
gobiyerno = government
kusog = strength
labaw = superior or surpass
Meaning and usage notes: Use “gahum” for authority as power, influence, or the right to decide. For an official institution or authority figure, “awtoridad” or “kagamhanan” may also appear depending on context.

authoritygovernmentinfluencejurisdictionlawpower

Example 1

Aduna siyay gahum sa paghimo og desisyon.

He/She has the authority to make a decision.

Example 2

Ang balaod naghatag og gahum sa kagamhanan.

The law gives authority to the government.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Datos

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

data / piece of informationnoun

Alternative meanings: data
piece of information
information
recorded fact or detail
Pronunciation: DAH-tohs
Root and affixes: Base form: datos. It is a loanword used in modern contexts for data, especially technology, reports, or records.
Variants or conjugations: datos = data / piece of information
impormasyon = information
detalye = detail
rekord = record
data = data, English loanword in technical contexts
Related words and expressions: information
detail
record
technology
number
list
Meaning and usage notes: “Datos” is common in modern contexts. If the meaning is general information, “impormasyon” may sound more natural.

basic wordsdatadetailinformationrecordtechnology

Example 1

Kinahanglan nato ang datos.

We need the data.

Example 2

Importante ang impormasyon.

The information is important.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Espesyal

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships Qualities & Descriptions

English

specialadjective

Alternative meanings: Special; distinct; important; having particular value or different treatment.
Pronunciation: es-PES-yahl
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish/English “especial/special,” adapted as espesyal.
Variants or conjugations: espesyal nga; labi; talagsaon
Related words and expressions: importante; pinili; mahal; talagsaon; lahi
Meaning and usage notes: Espesyal is very common in modern contexts. Talagsaon can be used for something rare, unique, or extraordinary, depending on the meaning.

adjectivedistinctimportantlovespecialuniquevalue

Example 1

Espesyal ka para nako.

You are special to me.

Example 2

Aduna koy espesyal nga regalo.

I have a special gift.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kusog

Basic Vocabulary Body & Health Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

strength / forcenoun / adjective

Alternative meanings: strength
force
energy
vigor
power
intensity
Pronunciation: KOO-sog
Root and affixes: Base form: kusog. It can name strength or energy, and it can also describe something strong, intense, or powerful depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: makusog = strong / powerful / vigorous
kusgan = strong, mighty, or sturdy
kinakusgan = strongest
puwersa = force, especially physical or literal force
pwersa = variant of puwersa
Related words and expressions: puwersa = force
baskog = strong or vigorous
kusgan = strong
lig-on = sturdy or firm
gahum = power
Meaning and usage notes: “Kusog” is very useful because it covers physical strength, energy, power, and intensity. For “force” in a physical/technical sense, “puwersa” also fits.

energyforcepowerstrengthstrongvigor

Example 1

Daghan siya og kusog.

He/She has a lot of strength.

Example 2

Kusog kaayo ang hangin.

The wind is very strong.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Mahitabo

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to happen; to occur; to take placeverb

Alternative meanings: To happen; to occur; to take place; for an event or situation to happen.
Pronunciation: mah-hee-TAH-boh
Root and affixes: Related to the root hitabo. Common forms: nahitabo, mahitabo, panghitabo.
Variants or conjugations: nahitabo; mahitabo; panghitabo; hitabo
Related words and expressions: kadamgo; kahimtang; panahon; panghitabo; result
Meaning and usage notes: Mahitabo is used for something that can happen or occur. Nahitabo means something already happened.

basic wordseventsituationto happento occurto take placeverb

Example 1

Unsay mahitabo ugma?

What will happen tomorrow?

Example 2

Nahitabo kini gahapon.

This happened yesterday.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Sentido

Basic Vocabulary Body & Health Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

sensenoun

Alternative meanings: sense
meaning
sensation
sensory faculty
common sense or judgment
awareness or perception
Pronunciation: sen-TEE-doh
Root and affixes: Adapted loanword from Spanish “sentido”. It can refer to sense as perception, meaning, or practical judgment depending on the sentence.
Variants or conjugations: sentido komun = common sense
kahulogan = meaning, sense, or significance
katukatu = good sense / common sense
pamati = feel or listen, depending on context
direksyon = direction or sense of movement
Related words and expressions: kahulogan = meaning
katukatu = common sense
sabot = understand
direksyon = direction
pamati = feel / listen
Meaning and usage notes: For “sense” as the meaning of a word or phrase, “kahulogan” is often more precise. For “common sense,” “sentido komun” or “katukatu” can appear.

directionjudgmentmeaningperceptionsensationsense

Example 1

Unsa ang kahulogan niini nga pulong?

What is the meaning/sense of this word?

Example 2

Kinahanglan gamiton nato ang sentido komun.

We need to use common sense.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Katilingban

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

societynoun

Alternative meanings: society
community
group of people who live or interact together
organized social group
Pronunciation: kah-tee-LEENG-bahn
Root and affixes: Base form: katilingban. It is used for society, community, or a social collective.
Variants or conjugations: katilingban = society / community
komunidad = community, common loanword
sosyal = social
katilingbanon = social or community-related
grupo = group
Related words and expressions: community
social
social/community-related
person/people
group
country/nation
Meaning and usage notes: “Katilingban” is a strong word for society in a social or community sense. For a local community, “komunidad” can also be used.

basic wordscollectivecommunitypeoplesocialsocial groupsociety

Example 1

Importante ang papel sa katilingban.

The role of society is important.

Example 2

Ang katilingban nagkinahanglan og tabang.

Society needs help.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Himoon

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to convert / to turn intoverb

Alternative meanings: to convert
to turn into
to transform
to make something become another form
Pronunciation: hee-MOH-ohn
Root and affixes: Related to buhat/himo, to make or do. “Himoon” expresses making or turning something into something else depending on the sentence.
Variants or conjugations: himoon = to convert / to make become
gihimo = converted / made
himoa = convert / make
usbon = to change or modify
mahimong = to become / turn into
Related words and expressions: make/do
do/make
change/again
form
become
state/condition
Meaning and usage notes: “Himoon” works when convert means making something become something else. If the meaning is to change or modify, “usbon” may fit better.

actionchangeconvertformmaketransformverb

Example 1

Himoon nato kini nga mas maayo.

We will turn this into something better.

Example 2

Mahimong dako ang gamay nga ideya.

A small idea can become something big.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Luna

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Places & Geography

English

spacenoun

Alternative meanings: space
available room
area
place or gap for something
Pronunciation: LOO-nah
Root and affixes: Base form: luna. It is used for available space, room, or area for something.
Variants or conjugations: luna = space / available room
dapit = place or area
wanang = space / interval / gap, depending on context
kalawakan = outer space / universe
space = space, common loanword in modern contexts
Related words and expressions: place/area
space/gap
place
part
form
outer space
Meaning and usage notes: “Luna” works for space as available room. If talking about outer space, the better word is “kalawakan”.

areabasic wordsgapgeographyplaceroomspace

Example 1

Naa pay luna dinhi.

There is still space here.

Example 2

Kinahanglan ta og mas dako nga luna.

We need a bigger space.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Talagsaon

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

uniqueadjective

Alternative meanings: unique
rare
special
extraordinary
uncommon
singular
Pronunciation: tah-lag-SAH-on
Root and affixes: From “talagsa”, which expresses rarity or low frequency. “Talagsaon” describes something rare, special, singular, or uncommon.
Variants or conjugations: talagsa = seldom / rarely
talagsaon uyamot = very unique / extremely rare
bugtong = sole, lone, or only child depending on context
dili komun = not common
ekstraordinaryo = extraordinary
Related words and expressions: bugtong = sole or only
lahi = different
espesyal = special
pangitaon = scarce or hard to find
usa = one
Meaning and usage notes: Use “talagsaon” for unique in the sense of special, rare, or singular. Use “bugtong” when you mean sole/only one/only child.

extraordinaryraresingularspecialuncommonunique

Example 1

Talagsaon kaayo kini nga higayon.

This moment is very unique/special.

Example 2

Bugtong anak siya.

He/She is an only child.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Posible

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

possibleadjective

Alternative meanings: possible
probable
feasible
able to happen
able to be done
Pronunciation: poh-SEEB-leh
Root and affixes: Adapted loanword from Spanish “posible”. It is used for something that can happen, exist, or be done.
Variants or conjugations: mahimo = possible / can / can be done
puwede = possible / allowed / can
imposible = impossible
kung mahimo = if possible
posibleng = possible before a noun
Related words and expressions: mahimo = can be done or possible
puwede = can or allowed
imposible = impossible
hitabo = happen
himo = make/do
Meaning and usage notes: “Posible” is clear and direct. In everyday conversation, “mahimo” and “puwede” are very useful for saying “can,” “possible,” or “can be done”.

abilitycanfeasibleoptionpossibleprobable

Example 1

Posible nga mahitabo kini.

It is possible that this will happen.

Example 2

Kung mahimo, tabangi ko.

If possible, help me.

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