Basic Vocabulary – Page 77

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pagtuon

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning

English

study / studyingnoun

Alternative meanings: studynthe act of studyingnlearningnthe process of learning or reviewing something
Pronunciation: pag-TOO-on
Root and affixes: Related to tuon, to study or learn.
Variants or conjugations: tuon = to study / learnnmagtuon = to studynnagtuon = is studying / studiedngituonan = studied / was studied
Related words and expressions: tuon = to studyneskwela = schoolnklase = classnleksyon = lessonnkaalam = knowledge
Meaning and usage notes: “Pagtuon” refers to study as an activity or learning process. If “estudio” means room/study, office, or recording studio, another word or the borrowed form “estudyo” may be needed depending on context.

basic wordsknowledgelearningschoolstudystudying

Example 1

Importante ang pagtuon.

Studying is important.

Example 2

Nagtuon ko karon.

I am studying now.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kinabuhi

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

lifenoun

Alternative meanings: lifenexistencenway of livingnlife experience
Pronunciation: kee-nah-BOO-hee
Root and affixes: Related root: buhi = alive / to live. Kinabuhi works as the noun for life.
Variants or conjugations: buhi = alive / to livenkinabuhian = livelihoodnpagkinabuhi = way of livingnwalay kinabuhi = lifeless / without life
Related words and expressions: alivenlivelihoodnway of livingndeathnpersonnworld
Meaning and usage notes: Kinabuhi is used for a person life, existence, or way of living. Buhi is closer to alive or being alive.

basic wordsconceptexistencelifeliving

Example 1

Nindot ang kinabuhi.

Life is beautiful.

Example 2

Mao ni akong kinabuhi.

This is my life.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Dakbayan

Basic Vocabulary Places & Geography

English

citynoun

Alternative meanings: citynlarge urban areanimportant population centernmunicipality or urban area, depending on context
Pronunciation: dahk-BAH-yahn
Root and affixes: Compound related to dako, big, and bayan, town or community.
Variants or conjugations: syudad = city, common borrowed formnciudad = borrowed form that may appear in names or formal contextsnmga dakbayan = cities
Related words and expressions: bayan = town / communitynlungsod = town / city / municipalitynbarangay = neighborhood / local communitynprobinsya = provincenlugar = place
Meaning and usage notes: “Dakbayan” is a Cebuano form for city. In conversation, “syudad” is also heard as a borrowed form from ciudad/city, especially in everyday speech.

basic wordscitygeographyplacetownurban

Example 1

Dako ang dakbayan.

The city is big.

Example 2

Nagpuyo ko sa dakbayan.

I live in the city.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Proyekto

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Work & Professions

English

projectnoun

Alternative meanings: projectnorganized plannwork or activity with a goalnschool, work, or community task
Pronunciation: pro-YEK-toh
Root and affixes: Base form: proyekto. It is a borrowed word used in modern Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: mga proyekto = projectsnproyektong = project before a nounnproject = English form that may also appear in modern contexts
Related words and expressions: plano = planntrabaho = work / jobnbuhat = to do / workntumong = goalneskwela = school
Meaning and usage notes: Used for school, work, community, technical, or creative projects. It is a common and understandable borrowed word in modern Cebuano.

basic wordsgoalplanprojecttaskwork

Example 1

Aduna koy bag-ong proyekto.

I have a new project.

Example 2

Human na ang proyekto.

The project is finished.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gawas

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to go out / outsideverb / adverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to go outnoutsidenexteriornto leave a place or move outward
Pronunciation: GAH-wahs
Root and affixes: Base form: gawas. It can express outside/exterior or the action of going out depending on construction.
Variants or conjugations: mogawas = will go out / is going outnnagawas = went out / going outngawas sa = outside of / exceptnpagawas = to let out or bring outngawasnon = external or outside
Related words and expressions: sulod = enter / insidenawas = come out or overflow, depending on contextnlakaw = leave or walknadto = gonpultahan = door
Meaning and usage notes: Used for going out of a place or indicating outside. For “leave” as going away, “lakaw” may also fit depending on context.

exteriorgo outleaveoutsideverb

Example 1

Mogawas ko karon.

I am going out now.

Example 2

Naa siya sa gawas.

He/She is outside.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gobyerno

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law

English

governmentnoun

Alternative meanings: governmentnpublic administrationnpolitical authorityninstitution that leads a country, region, or city
Pronunciation: goh-BYER-noh
Root and affixes: Base form: gobyerno. It is an adapted loanword from Spanish gobierno.
Variants or conjugations: gobierno = form directly influenced by Spanishnsa gobyerno = in the government / of the governmentngobyernohan = government-related, depending on context
Related words and expressions: statenlawnpoliticsnmayornpresidentnmunicipality
Meaning and usage notes: “Gobyerno” is an adapted loanword and commonly used. It can refer to national government, local government, or public administration.

authoritybasic wordsgovernmentinstitutionpoliticsstate

Example 1

Ang gobyerno nagtabang sa mga tawo.

The government helps the people.

Example 2

Trabaho siya sa gobyerno.

He/She works in the government.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bilin

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to remain / to be leftverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to remainnto staynto be left overnto be left behindnwhat remains, depending on context
Pronunciation: BEE-lin
Root and affixes: Base form: bilin.
Variants or conjugations: mabilin = to remain / stay / be leftnnabilin = remained / stayed / was left overnbilinan = leave something for someonenbilin nga = remaining / left
Related words and expressions: pabilin = to stay / remainnsobra = excess / to be extranhabilin = remaining / leftnmagkita = meet upnangay = fit / be suitable, depending on context
Meaning and usage notes: “Bilin” covers “quedar” in the sense of remaining, staying, or being left over. For “quedar con alguien”, Cebuano uses another idea such as “magkita” for meeting. For “quedar bien”, “angay” or another expression may fit depending on context.

basic wordsleft overremainingto remainto stayverb

Example 1

Unsa pa ang nabilin?

What is still left?

Example 2

Mabilin ko dinhi.

I will stay here.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Agi

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to pass / to pass byverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to passnto pass by a placento go throughnto happenntrace or mark, depending on context
Pronunciation: AH-gee
Root and affixes: Root: agi.
Variants or conjugations: miagi = passed / passed bynmoagi = will pass / is going to pass bynagi-an = place or path one passes throughnagi lang = just pass bynnahitabo = happened, when “pass” means occur
Related words and expressions: passed bynwill passnpathnthrow/passnhappenednroad
Meaning and usage notes: “Agi” is often used for passing by a place or going through. If “pass” means “happen”, Cebuano can use “mahitabo” or “nahitabo” depending on tense.

basic wordshappenmovementpass byto passverb

Example 1

Moagi ko sa tindahan.

I will pass by the store.

Example 2

Unsa ang nahitabo?

What happened?

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kaila

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary People & Relationships

English

to know / to be acquainted withverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to know someonento be familiar with someone or somethingnan acquaintance, depending on context
Pronunciation: KAI-lah
Root and affixes: Base form: kaila.
Variants or conjugations: nakaila = knew / got to knownkaila ko = I knownkaila nimo = you know / your acquaintance, depending on contextnpagkaila = knowing or acquaintance relationship
Related words and expressions: kahibalo = to know information / know hownaila = identify / recognize, depending on contextnhimamat = meet for the first timentawo = personnhigala = friend
Meaning and usage notes: “Kaila” is used for knowing a person or being familiar with something. For knowing information or knowing how to do something, Cebuano usually uses “kahibalo”.

acquaintedbasic wordsfamiliaritypersonto knowverb

Example 1

Kaila ko niya.

I know him/her.

Example 2

Gusto ko makaila nimo.

I want to get to know you.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ulahi

Basic Vocabulary Qualities & Descriptions

English

last / lateadjective / adverb

Alternative meanings: lastnlatenafterwardnthe one at the endnmost recent, depending on context
Pronunciation: oo-LAH-hee
Root and affixes: Base form: ulahi.
Variants or conjugations: naulahi = arrived late / was delayednulahi na = it is already latensa ulahi = in the end / afterwardnkatapusan = final / last in the sense of conclusion
Related words and expressions: final/endnlate/delayednfirstnnextnfinishednin the end
Meaning and usage notes: “Ulahi” is used for something that happens later, arrives late, or comes last. For “the end” or “the conclusion”, “katapusan” is often used.

adjectivebasic wordsfinallastlate

Example 1

Ako ang ulahi.

I am the last one.

Example 2

Naulahi ko sa klase.

I was late to class.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Balay

Basic Vocabulary Home & Objects

English

house / homenoun

Alternative meanings: housenhomendwellingnplace where a person or family lives
Pronunciation: BAH-lai
Root and affixes: Base form: balay.
Variants or conjugations: mga balay = housesnbalay-balay = little house or playing house, depending on contextnpuy-anan = dwelling or residencenbalayan = structure or place related to a house, depending on context
Related words and expressions: puyo = to live or residenpuy-anan = residencenkwarto = roomnpultahan = doornbintana = window
Meaning and usage notes: Used for a physical house or a home. In many contexts it can also carry the emotional sense of home.

basic wordsdwellingfamilyhomehouse

Example 1

Naa ko sa balay.

I am at home.

Example 2

Dako ang ilang balay.

Their house is big.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Dugang pa

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words

English

besides / furthermoreconnector / adverb

Alternative meanings: besidesnfurthermorenin additionnalso or moreover, depending on context
Pronunciation: DOO-gahng pah
Root and affixes: Dugang means additional, increase, or added thing; pa adds a sense of still, more, or besides depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: gawas pa = besides / apart fromnapil pa = also includedndugang = additional / to addnusab = also / again
Related words and expressions: usab = alsonapil = includengawas = outside / apartndugang = additionalnunya = then / later
Meaning and usage notes: “Dugang pa” is used to add information: besides, additionally, or furthermore. For “besides something”, “gawas pa sa...” may fit better.

alsobasic wordsbesidesconnectorfurthermorein addition

Example 1

Dugang pa, importante kini.

Furthermore, this is important.

Example 2

Gawas pa sa trabaho, nagtuon siya.

Besides work, he/she studies.

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