Vocabulario – Page 106

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Modumala

English

to manage; to direct; to administerverb

Alternative meanings: To manage; to direct; to administer; to be in charge of an activity, group, project, business, or organization.
Pronunciation: moh-doo-MAH-lah
Root and affixes: Root: dumala. Common forms: modumala, midumala, nagdumala, pagdumala.
Variants or conjugations: dumala; modumala; midumala; nagdumala; pagdumala
Related words and expressions: direktor; lider; mando; kontrol; proyekto; kompanya
Meaning and usage notes: Modumala is used for directing or managing. For “to direct” as pointing toward a direction, the context changes and structures with padulong or tudlo may fit.

companyprojectto administerto directto leadto manageverb

Example 1

Siya ang modumala sa proyekto.

He/She will manage the project.

Example 2

Nagdumala siya sa kompanya.

He/She managed the company.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bisan

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words

English

even / even ifadverb / conjunction

Alternative meanings: even
even if
although
including, depending on context
Pronunciation: BEE-sahn
Root and affixes: Base form: bisan. It is used to express even, even if, or although depending on the sentence structure.
Variants or conjugations: bisan = even / although
bisan pa = even if / although
bisan kinsa = anyone / even whoever
bisan asa = anywhere / wherever
apil = included / to include
Related words and expressions: include
still/yet
only/just
if
who
where
Meaning and usage notes: “Bisan” is very flexible. It can mean even when adding emphasis, or although/even if when introducing a condition.

althoughbasic wordsconnectoreveneven iffunction wordincluding

Example 1

Bisan ako kabalo ana.

Even I know that.

Example 2

Bisan pa og lisod, buhaton nato.

Even if it is difficult, we will do it.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ipahibalo

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Technology & Information

English

inform / notifyverb

Alternative meanings: inform
notify
announce
communicate
make known
give notice
Pronunciation: ee-pah-hee-BAH-loh
Root and affixes: From “pahibalo”, notice or notification, and the root “hibalo”, to know. “Ipahibalo” focuses on the action of making something known or informing someone.
Variants or conjugations: pahibalo = notice, announcement, or notification
gipahibalo = informed / was informed
pahibaloa = inform him/her / notify him/her
pahibawa / ipahibawo = documented variants
pasayod = inform or make known
Related words and expressions: hibalo = know
balita = news
impormasyon = information
sulti = say/tell
pahibalo = notice
Meaning and usage notes: Use “ipahibalo” when you want to inform or notify someone about something. For “information” as data or content, the related published word is “impormasyon”.

announcecommunicateinforminformationnoticenotify

Example 1

Ipahibalo ko nimo kung naa nay balita.

I will inform you if there is news already.

Example 2

Palihug ipahibalo sa tanan ang bag-ong iskedyul.

Please inform everyone about the new schedule.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ministeryo

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Society & Community Work & Professions

English

ministrynoun

Alternative meanings: Ministry; a government department, religious service area, or organized function within an institution.
Pronunciation: mee-nees-TER-yoh
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish “ministerio,” adapted as ministeryo.
Variants or conjugations: ministeryo sa gobyerno; ministeryo sa simbahan; ministeryal
Related words and expressions: gobyerno; simbahan; serbisyo; department; minister
Meaning and usage notes: Ministeryo can refer to a government ministry or a religious ministry. Context defines the meaning.

basic wordschurchdepartmentgovernmentinstitutionministryservice

Example 1

Nagtrabaho siya sa ministeryo.

He/She works at the ministry.

Example 2

Aduna silay ministeryo sa simbahan.

They have a ministry in the church.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ideya

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

ideanoun

Alternative meanings: idea
thought
concept
opinion or mental plan
Pronunciation: ee-DEH-yah
Root and affixes: Base form: ideya. It is an adapted loanword used for idea, thought, or concept.
Variants or conjugations: ideya = idea
huna-huna = thought / idea
konsepto = concept
plano = plan, depending on context
opinyon = opinion
Related words and expressions: thought
concept
opinion
plan
creation/create
meaning
Meaning and usage notes: “Ideya” is very common for idea. If talking more about an internal thought, “huna-huna” may sound more natural.

basic wordsconceptideamindopinionplanthought

Example 1

Naa koy ideya.

I have an idea.

Example 2

Nindot ang imong ideya.

Your idea is good.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kahimoan

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

possibilitynoun

Alternative meanings: possibility
potential
possible option
probability
something that can happen
accomplishment or result depending on context
Pronunciation: kah-hee-MOO-ahn
Root and affixes: From the root “himo”, meaning to do, make, become, or produce. “Kahimoan” can express possibility, capacity to happen, or potential.
Variants or conjugations: mahimo = possible / can / can be done
posible = possible
posibilidad = possibility, direct loanword depending on context
may kahimoan = there is a possibility
walay kahimoan = there is no possibility
Related words and expressions: posible = possible
mahimo = can / can be done
himo = make/do
opportunidad = opportunity
pili = option or choose
Meaning and usage notes: “Kahimoan” works well for possibility as potential or the chance that something may happen. In everyday conversation, “mahimo” is often used for “can be / it is possible”.

canfutureoptionpossibilitypotentialprobability

Example 1

Adunay kahimoan nga moulan ugma.

There is a possibility that it will rain tomorrow.

Example 2

Walay kahimoan nga mahuman kini karon.

There is no possibility that this will be finished today.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ministro

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law

English

ministernoun

Alternative meanings: minister
government official
cabinet member
leader or servant in a religious context, depending on context
Pronunciation: mee-NEES-troh
Root and affixes: Base form: ministro. It is a loanword used for minister in politics, government, or religion depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: ministro = minister
ministro sa gobyerno = government minister
opisyal = official or public officer
sekretaryo = secretary, government position
pangulo = president or leader
Related words and expressions: government
politics
law
president
official
country/nation
Meaning and usage notes: “Ministro” is understood in political contexts and can also appear in religious contexts. For a general official, “opisyal” is broader.

basic wordscabinetgovernmentministerofficialpoliticsposition

Example 1

Ang ministro mitambong sa miting.

The minister attended the meeting.

Example 2

Ministro siya sa gobyerno.

He or she is a government minister.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Makaapekto

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to affect; to influenceverb

Alternative meanings: To affect; to influence; to have an effect or impact on something or someone.
Pronunciation: mah-kah-ah-PEK-toh
Root and affixes: Related to epekto, an established loanword for “effect.” Forms: makaapekto, naapektuhan, epekto.
Variants or conjugations: naapektuhan; makaapekto; epekto; apektado
Related words and expressions: epekto; influence; result; problem; situation
Meaning and usage notes: Makaapekto is common in modern contexts. For “to be affected,” use naapektuhan or apektado depending on the sentence.

effectimpactproblemresultto affectto influenceverb

Example 1

Makaapekto kini sa imong trabaho.

This can affect your work.

Example 2

Naapektuhan ang ilang plano.

Their plan was affected.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kamatuoran

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

reality / truthnoun

Alternative meanings: reality
truth
fact
evidence
proof
what is true
Pronunciation: kah-mah-too-OH-rahn
Root and affixes: From “matuod”, meaning true. “Kamatuoran” names truth, facts, or the reality of something.
Variants or conjugations: matuod = true
tinuod = true / real
tuod = truly / really
realidad = reality, direct loanword depending on context
pagkamatuod = veracity or state of being true
Related words and expressions: tinuod = true or real
matuod = true
sentido = sense
kahulogan = meaning
pamatuod = proof or verification
Meaning and usage notes: Use “kamatuoran” for reality when talking about truth, facts, or what is real. For “virtual reality” or modern terms, “realidad” may appear as a loanword.

evidencefactproofrealrealitytruth

Example 1

Lisod dawaton ang kamatuoran.

It is hard to accept reality.

Example 2

Ang kamatuoran mogawas ra gihapon.

The truth/reality will still come out.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Dolyar

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Numbers & Quantities

English

dollarnoun

Alternative meanings: dollar
currency
money
monetary unit
Pronunciation: DOHL-yahr
Root and affixes: Base form: dolyar. It is an adapted loanword used for dollar as a currency.
Variants or conjugations: dolyar = dollar
US dollar = United States dollar, loan phrase in modern contexts
salapi = money / currency
kwarta = money
moneda = coin/currency, common loanword
Related words and expressions: money
currency/money
price
economy
business
number
Meaning and usage notes: “Dolyar” is used for dollar. For money in general, “kwarta” is very common in everyday speech.

basic wordscurrencydollareconomymoneypricequantity

Example 1

Pila ka dolyar ang presyo?

How many dollars does it cost?

Example 2

Naa koy usa ka dolyar.

I have one dollar.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Modesisyon

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to decide; to make a decisionverb

Alternative meanings: To decide; to choose between options; to make a decision about something.
Pronunciation: moh-deh-SIS-yohn
Root and affixes: Related to desisyon, an established loanword for “decision.” Forms: modesisyon, midesisyon, pagdesisyon.
Variants or conjugations: desisyon; midesisyon; modesisyon; pagdesisyon
Related words and expressions: pili; hunahuna; plano; option; result
Meaning and usage notes: Modesisyon is common in modern speech. For “to choose,” pili may be more direct; for “decision,” desisyon.

decisionoptionresultthinkto chooseto decideverb

Example 1

Kinahanglan ko modesisyon karon.

I need to decide now.

Example 2

Midesisyon siya nga mopadayon.

He/She decided to continue.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Modelo

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions Technology & Information

English

model; pattern; examplenoun

Alternative meanings: Model; pattern; example; design or reference that is followed or imitated.
Pronunciation: mo-DEH-loh
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish/English “modelo/model,” used in modern contexts.
Variants or conjugations: modelo nga; panig-ingnan; sumbanan
Related words and expressions: panig-ingnan; sumbanan; design; mold; style
Meaning and usage notes: Modelo is used in modern contexts for model, design, or type. For “role model,” panig-ingnan or sumbanan may sound more native depending on the sentence.

basic wordsdesignexamplemodelpatternreferencetype

Example 1

Kini ang modelo sa bag-ong balay.

This is the model of the new house.

Example 2

Maayo siya nga modelo sa kabataan.

He/She is a good role model for the youth.

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