Vocabulario – Page 107

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tuman

English

fulfill / complyverb / adjective

Alternative meanings: fulfill
comply
obey
carry out
perform
make effective
Pronunciation: TOO-mahn
Root and affixes: Base form: tuman. As a verb it means to fulfill, obey, or carry out; as an adjective it can mean extreme or utmost depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: motuman / mutuman = to fulfill, obey, or comply
nagtuman = complying or obeying
nituman / mituman = complied or obeyed
gituman = was fulfilled or obeyed
tumanon = fulfill it / should be fulfilled
pagtuman = fulfillment, execution, or obedience
katumanan = realization or fulfillment
Related words and expressions: balaod = law
saad = promise
sugo = order or command
buhat = do/make
human = finish
Meaning and usage notes: Use “tuman” for fulfilling a law, promise, order, requirement, or responsibility. If you only mean to finish/complete a task, “human” or “tiwas” may fit better.

complyfulfilllawobeypromiseresponsibility

Example 1

Kinahanglan motuman ta sa balaod.

We need to obey/comply with the law.

Example 2

Gituman niya ang iyang saad.

He/She fulfilled the promise.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Hinumdom

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to remember / memoryverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to remember
to recall
memory
remembrance, depending on context
Pronunciation: hee-NOOM-dohm
Root and affixes: Base form: hinumdom. It can work as a verb related to remembering and as a noun for memory or remembrance.
Variants or conjugations: hinumdom = remember / memory
mahinumdom = to remember / recall
nahinumdom = remembered / recalled
hinumdumi = remember something or someone
pahinumdom = to remind someone / reminder
Related words and expressions: memory/remembrance
reminder
thought
forget
past
moment/occasion
Meaning and usage notes: “Hinumdom” is a basic word for remembering. “Pahinumdom” is often used for a reminder or making someone remember something.

basic wordsmemoryrecallrememberreminderthoughtverb

Example 1

Nakahinumdom ko nimo.

I remembered you.

Example 2

Pahinumdumi ko unya.

Remind me later.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Maabot

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to reach; to arrive at; to achieveverb

Alternative meanings: To reach; to arrive at; to achieve a place, goal, level, amount, or moment.
Pronunciation: mah-AH-boht
Root and affixes: Root: abot. Common forms: maabot, nakaabot, miabot, pag-abot.
Variants or conjugations: abot; maabot; nakaabot; miabot; pag-abot
Related words and expressions: abot; moabot; goal; level; place; time
Meaning and usage notes: Maabot is used for reaching a goal, arriving at a place, or reaching a level. It can also mean physically reaching something by hand depending on context.

goalleveltimeto achieveto arriveto reachverb

Example 1

Maabot nato ang atong tumong.

We can reach our goal.

Example 2

Nakaabot siya sa taas nga lebel.

He/She reached a high level.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gatos

Basic Vocabulary Numbers & Quantities

English

hundrednumber / noun

Alternative meanings: hundred
one hundred
100
a hundred units
Pronunciation: GAH-tohs
Root and affixes: Base form: gatos. It is used for one hundred in counting and quantities.
Variants or conjugations: gatos = hundred / one hundred
usa ka gatos = one hundred
duha ka gatos = two hundred
tulo ka gatos = three hundred
sentenas = hundreds, loanword depending on context
Related words and expressions: one
two
three
number
quantity
million
Meaning and usage notes: “Gatos” is used for 100. In counting phrases it can appear with “ka”, as in “usa ka gatos”.

100basic wordshundrednumberone hundredquantity

Example 1

Usa ka gatos ka tawo.

One hundred people.

Example 2

Duha ka gatos ang presyo.

The price is two hundred.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kontrol

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

control; to controlnoun / verb

Alternative meanings: Control; command; management or regulation of something. It can also be used with the meaning to control.
Pronunciation: kon-TROL
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish/English “control,” adapted as kontrol.
Variants or conjugations: kontrolado; pagkontrol; mokontrol; gikontrol
Related words and expressions: dumala; mando; disiplina; pugong; power
Meaning and usage notes: Kontrol is common in modern contexts. For managing or administering something, dumala may also fit; for restraining or holding back, pugong can be more specific.

basic wordscommandcontrolmanagementregulatesystemto control

Example 1

Naa siyay kontrol sa sitwasyon.

He/She has control of the situation.

Example 2

Lisod kontrolon ang kasuko.

It is hard to control anger.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gahum

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

authority / powernoun / verb

Alternative meanings: authority
power
influence
jurisdiction
right to command or decide
force or dominance
Pronunciation: GAH-hoom
Root and affixes: Base form: gahum/gahom. It names authority, power, influence, or dominance; it can also work verbally with the sense of gathering strength or overpowering.
Variants or conjugations: gahom = documented spelling variant
gamhanan = powerful / having authority
kagamhanan = government or governmental authority
makagagahum = almighty / very powerful
pagahum = empower or give authority
awtoridad = authority, direct loanword
Related words and expressions: kagamhanan = government
balaod = law
gobiyerno = government
kusog = strength
labaw = superior or surpass
Meaning and usage notes: Use “gahum” for authority as power, influence, or the right to decide. For an official institution or authority figure, “awtoridad” or “kagamhanan” may also appear depending on context.

authoritygovernmentinfluencejurisdictionlawpower

Example 1

Aduna siyay gahum sa paghimo og desisyon.

He/She has the authority to make a decision.

Example 2

Ang balaod naghatag og gahum sa kagamhanan.

The law gives authority to the government.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Datos

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

data / piece of informationnoun

Alternative meanings: data
piece of information
information
recorded fact or detail
Pronunciation: DAH-tohs
Root and affixes: Base form: datos. It is a loanword used in modern contexts for data, especially technology, reports, or records.
Variants or conjugations: datos = data / piece of information
impormasyon = information
detalye = detail
rekord = record
data = data, English loanword in technical contexts
Related words and expressions: information
detail
record
technology
number
list
Meaning and usage notes: “Datos” is common in modern contexts. If the meaning is general information, “impormasyon” may sound more natural.

basic wordsdatadetailinformationrecordtechnology

Example 1

Kinahanglan nato ang datos.

We need the data.

Example 2

Importante ang impormasyon.

The information is important.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Espesyal

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships Qualities & Descriptions

English

specialadjective

Alternative meanings: Special; distinct; important; having particular value or different treatment.
Pronunciation: es-PES-yahl
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish/English “especial/special,” adapted as espesyal.
Variants or conjugations: espesyal nga; labi; talagsaon
Related words and expressions: importante; pinili; mahal; talagsaon; lahi
Meaning and usage notes: Espesyal is very common in modern contexts. Talagsaon can be used for something rare, unique, or extraordinary, depending on the meaning.

adjectivedistinctimportantlovespecialuniquevalue

Example 1

Espesyal ka para nako.

You are special to me.

Example 2

Aduna koy espesyal nga regalo.

I have a special gift.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Mugna

Actions & States Art, Culture & Entertainment Basic Vocabulary

English

to create / creationverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to create
to produce
to invent
work or creation, depending on context
Pronunciation: MOOG-nah
Root and affixes: Base form: mugna. It can refer to creating or producing something, and also to a work or creation.
Variants or conjugations: mugna = create / creation
momugna = to create / produce
gimugna = created / produced
himo = to make / create, more everyday
buhat = to do / make / build
Related words and expressions: make/create
do/make
work/job
form
idea
artist
Meaning and usage notes: “Mugna” has a more creative or formal tone. In daily conversation, “himo” and “buhat” are also commonly used for creating or making something.

artcreatecreationinventmakeproduceverb

Example 1

Gusto ko momugna og bag-ong ideya.

I want to create a new idea.

Example 2

Kini usa ka nindot nga mugna.

This is a beautiful creation.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Mopahayag

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words

English

to affirm / to stateverb

Alternative meanings: to affirm
to state
to declare
to say that something is true
Pronunciation: moh-pah-HAH-yahg
Root and affixes: Root: pahayag, related to statement or expression. “Mopahayag” is used to declare, express, or affirm something.
Variants or conjugations: mopahayag = to affirm / to declare
nagpahayag = affirmed / declared
ipahayag = to express or declare something
moingon = to say
moangkon = to admit or acknowledge
kumpirmahon = to confirm
Related words and expressions: statement
say
confirm
true
correct
meaning/imply
Meaning and usage notes: “Mopahayag” works for affirm as declaring something. If the meaning is to confirm, “kumpirmahon” may fit better. If it simply means saying yes, use “oo” or “moingon og oo”.

affirmconfirmdeclaresaystatetruthverb

Example 1

Mopahayag siya sa iyang opinyon.

He or she will state an opinion.

Example 2

Gikumpirma niya nga tinuod kini.

He or she confirmed that this is true.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kadaghanan

Basic Vocabulary Numbers & Quantities Society & Community

English

majority / mostnoun / adverb

Alternative meanings: majority
most
the greater part
multitude
large number
Pronunciation: kah-dag-HAH-nahn
Root and affixes: From the root “daghan”, meaning many or much. “Kadaghanan” expresses the majority, the greater part, or a large group.
Variants or conjugations: daghan = many / much
mayoriya = majority, direct loanword
kinabag-an = majority or larger part
ang kadaghanan = the majority
kadaghanan sa = most of
Related words and expressions: daghan = many
gidaghanon = quantity
numero = number
grupo = group
tanan = all
Meaning and usage notes: “Kadaghanan” is natural for saying “the majority/most.” “Mayoriya” also exists, especially in more formal, political, or voting contexts.

groupmajoritymanymostquantitysociety

Example 1

Ang kadaghanan sa mga tawo miuyon.

Most people agreed.

Example 2

Kadaghanan sa trabaho nahuman na.

Most of the work is already finished.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kompanya

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Work & Professions

English

company; business; enterprisenoun

Alternative meanings: Company; business; commercial organization or enterprise.
Pronunciation: kom-PAHN-yah
Root and affixes: Established loanword from Spanish “compañía” / English “company,” used in Cebuano/Bisaya.
Variants or conjugations: kompaniya; kompanya sa trabaho; dakong kompanya
Related words and expressions: negosyo; trabaho; opisina; serbisyo; employee
Meaning and usage notes: Kompanya means company as a business. For “company” in the sense of companionship or being with someone, kauban or pakig-uban fits better depending on the sentence.

basic wordsbusinesscompanyenterpriseofficeorganizationwork

Example 1

Nagtrabaho siya sa dakong kompanya.

He/She works at a big company.

Example 2

Bag-o nga kompanya kini.

This is a new company.

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