Vocabulario – Page 115

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kinabuhi

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

lifenoun

Alternative meanings: lifenexistencenway of livingnlife experience
Pronunciation: kee-nah-BOO-hee
Root and affixes: Related root: buhi = alive / to live. Kinabuhi works as the noun for life.
Variants or conjugations: buhi = alive / to livenkinabuhian = livelihoodnpagkinabuhi = way of livingnwalay kinabuhi = lifeless / without life
Related words and expressions: alivenlivelihoodnway of livingndeathnpersonnworld
Meaning and usage notes: Kinabuhi is used for a person life, existence, or way of living. Buhi is closer to alive or being alive.

basic wordsconceptexistencelifeliving

Example 1

Nindot ang kinabuhi.

Life is beautiful.

Example 2

Mao ni akong kinabuhi.

This is my life.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Dakbayan

Basic Vocabulary Places & Geography

English

citynoun

Alternative meanings: citynlarge urban areanimportant population centernmunicipality or urban area, depending on context
Pronunciation: dahk-BAH-yahn
Root and affixes: Compound related to dako, big, and bayan, town or community.
Variants or conjugations: syudad = city, common borrowed formnciudad = borrowed form that may appear in names or formal contextsnmga dakbayan = cities
Related words and expressions: bayan = town / communitynlungsod = town / city / municipalitynbarangay = neighborhood / local communitynprobinsya = provincenlugar = place
Meaning and usage notes: “Dakbayan” is a Cebuano form for city. In conversation, “syudad” is also heard as a borrowed form from ciudad/city, especially in everyday speech.

basic wordscitygeographyplacetownurban

Example 1

Dako ang dakbayan.

The city is big.

Example 2

Nagpuyo ko sa dakbayan.

I live in the city.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kalihokan

Actions & States

English

activitynoun

Alternative meanings: activitynactionneventnmovement or something done for a purpose
Pronunciation: kah-lee-HOH-kahn
Root and affixes: Root: lihok. The form kalihokan uses ka- -an and names an activity, action, event, or movement.
Variants or conjugations: mga kalihokan = activitiesnaktibidad = activity, a loanword used in some contextsnbuluhaton = task, duty, or assigned activitynlihok = to move or act
Related words and expressions: lihok = move or actnbuluhaton = task or activitynaktibidad = activitynpanghitabo = event or occurrencenprograma = program or plan
Meaning and usage notes: Used for activities, actions, events, or things that are done. It can describe school, cultural, work, or everyday activities.

actionactivityeventmovementnoun

Example 1

Daghan ang kalihokan sa eskwelahan.

There are many activities at school.

Example 2

Apil ko sa kalihokan ugma.

I will join the activity tomorrow.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Proyekto

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Work & Professions

English

projectnoun

Alternative meanings: projectnorganized plannwork or activity with a goalnschool, work, or community task
Pronunciation: pro-YEK-toh
Root and affixes: Base form: proyekto. It is a borrowed word used in modern Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: mga proyekto = projectsnproyektong = project before a nounnproject = English form that may also appear in modern contexts
Related words and expressions: plano = planntrabaho = work / jobnbuhat = to do / workntumong = goalneskwela = school
Meaning and usage notes: Used for school, work, community, technical, or creative projects. It is a common and understandable borrowed word in modern Cebuano.

basic wordsgoalplanprojecttaskwork

Example 1

Aduna koy bag-ong proyekto.

I have a new project.

Example 2

Human na ang proyekto.

The project is finished.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gawas

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to go out / outsideverb / adverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to go outnoutsidenexteriornto leave a place or move outward
Pronunciation: GAH-wahs
Root and affixes: Base form: gawas. It can express outside/exterior or the action of going out depending on construction.
Variants or conjugations: mogawas = will go out / is going outnnagawas = went out / going outngawas sa = outside of / exceptnpagawas = to let out or bring outngawasnon = external or outside
Related words and expressions: sulod = enter / insidenawas = come out or overflow, depending on contextnlakaw = leave or walknadto = gonpultahan = door
Meaning and usage notes: Used for going out of a place or indicating outside. For “leave” as going away, “lakaw” may also fit depending on context.

exteriorgo outleaveoutsideverb

Example 1

Mogawas ko karon.

I am going out now.

Example 2

Naa siya sa gawas.

He/She is outside.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gobyerno

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law

English

governmentnoun

Alternative meanings: governmentnpublic administrationnpolitical authorityninstitution that leads a country, region, or city
Pronunciation: goh-BYER-noh
Root and affixes: Base form: gobyerno. It is an adapted loanword from Spanish gobierno.
Variants or conjugations: gobierno = form directly influenced by Spanishnsa gobyerno = in the government / of the governmentngobyernohan = government-related, depending on context
Related words and expressions: statenlawnpoliticsnmayornpresidentnmunicipality
Meaning and usage notes: “Gobyerno” is an adapted loanword and commonly used. It can refer to national government, local government, or public administration.

authoritybasic wordsgovernmentinstitutionpoliticsstate

Example 1

Ang gobyerno nagtabang sa mga tawo.

The government helps the people.

Example 2

Trabaho siya sa gobyerno.

He/She works in the government.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Panukiduki

Education & Learning

English

research / investigationnoun

Alternative meanings: researchnsystematic investigationnsearch for knowledgenstudy or inquiry
Pronunciation: pah-noo-kee-DOO-kee
Root and affixes: Root: dukiduki. The form panukiduki expresses research or the systematic act of seeking information.
Variants or conjugations: dukiduki = to investigate, examine, or search in detailnimbistigasyun = investigation, a loanword used in public or police contextsnpagtuki = analysis or examinationnpagsusi = review or examination
Related words and expressions: dukiduki = investigatentuki = analyze or examinensusi = review or examinenimbistigasyun = investigationnresearcher = researcher
Meaning and usage notes: Used for academic, systematic, or knowledge-seeking research. For police or public investigation, “imbistigasyun” can also appear as a loanword.

analysiseducationinvestigationresearchstudy

Example 1

Nagbuhat sila og panukiduki bahin sa pinulongan.

They did research about the language.

Example 2

Importante ang panukiduki sa eskwelahan.

Research is important in school.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bilin

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to remain / to be leftverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to remainnto staynto be left overnto be left behindnwhat remains, depending on context
Pronunciation: BEE-lin
Root and affixes: Base form: bilin.
Variants or conjugations: mabilin = to remain / stay / be leftnnabilin = remained / stayed / was left overnbilinan = leave something for someonenbilin nga = remaining / left
Related words and expressions: pabilin = to stay / remainnsobra = excess / to be extranhabilin = remaining / leftnmagkita = meet upnangay = fit / be suitable, depending on context
Meaning and usage notes: “Bilin” covers “quedar” in the sense of remaining, staying, or being left over. For “quedar con alguien”, Cebuano uses another idea such as “magkita” for meeting. For “quedar bien”, “angay” or another expression may fit depending on context.

basic wordsleft overremainingto remainto stayverb

Example 1

Unsa pa ang nabilin?

What is still left?

Example 2

Mabilin ko dinhi.

I will stay here.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Agi

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to pass / to pass byverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to passnto pass by a placento go throughnto happenntrace or mark, depending on context
Pronunciation: AH-gee
Root and affixes: Root: agi.
Variants or conjugations: miagi = passed / passed bynmoagi = will pass / is going to pass bynagi-an = place or path one passes throughnagi lang = just pass bynnahitabo = happened, when “pass” means occur
Related words and expressions: passed bynwill passnpathnthrow/passnhappenednroad
Meaning and usage notes: “Agi” is often used for passing by a place or going through. If “pass” means “happen”, Cebuano can use “mahitabo” or “nahitabo” depending on tense.

basic wordshappenmovementpass byto passverb

Example 1

Moagi ko sa tindahan.

I will pass by the store.

Example 2

Unsa ang nahitabo?

What happened?

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ekonomiko

Economy & Business

English

economic / economicaladjective

Alternative meanings: economicnrelated to the economynrelated to resources, money, or productionnefficient or using few resources, depending on context
Pronunciation: eh-koh-NOH-mee-koh
Root and affixes: Base form: ekonomiko. It is borrowed from Spanish economico and adapted to Cebuano usage.
Variants or conjugations: ekonomiya = economynekonomiks = economics as a disciplinenbarato = economical in the sense of cheap or inexpensivenmas barato = more economical, when talking about price
Related words and expressions: ekonomiya = economynkwarta = moneynnegosyo = businessnbarato = cheapngasto = expense
Meaning and usage notes: If “economic” means related to the economy, use “ekonomiko”. If it means cheap or low-cost, the more natural word is “barato”.

businesseconomiceconomicaleconomyresources

Example 1

Importante ang ekonomiko nga kalamboan.

Economic development is important.

Example 2

Barato kini nga kapilian.

This option is inexpensive.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kaila

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary People & Relationships

English

to know / to be acquainted withverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to know someonento be familiar with someone or somethingnan acquaintance, depending on context
Pronunciation: KAI-lah
Root and affixes: Base form: kaila.
Variants or conjugations: nakaila = knew / got to knownkaila ko = I knownkaila nimo = you know / your acquaintance, depending on contextnpagkaila = knowing or acquaintance relationship
Related words and expressions: kahibalo = to know information / know hownaila = identify / recognize, depending on contextnhimamat = meet for the first timentawo = personnhigala = friend
Meaning and usage notes: “Kaila” is used for knowing a person or being familiar with something. For knowing information or knowing how to do something, Cebuano usually uses “kahibalo”.

acquaintedbasic wordsfamiliaritypersonto knowverb

Example 1

Kaila ko niya.

I know him/her.

Example 2

Gusto ko makaila nimo.

I want to get to know you.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ulahi

Basic Vocabulary Qualities & Descriptions

English

last / lateadjective / adverb

Alternative meanings: lastnlatenafterwardnthe one at the endnmost recent, depending on context
Pronunciation: oo-LAH-hee
Root and affixes: Base form: ulahi.
Variants or conjugations: naulahi = arrived late / was delayednulahi na = it is already latensa ulahi = in the end / afterwardnkatapusan = final / last in the sense of conclusion
Related words and expressions: final/endnlate/delayednfirstnnextnfinishednin the end
Meaning and usage notes: “Ulahi” is used for something that happens later, arrives late, or comes last. For “the end” or “the conclusion”, “katapusan” is often used.

adjectivebasic wordsfinallastlate

Example 1

Ako ang ulahi.

I am the last one.

Example 2

Naulahi ko sa klase.

I was late to class.

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