Vocabulario – Page 86

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

kongreso

English

congressnoun

Alternative meanings: A legislative assembly or formal meeting of representatives to discuss, create, or decide important matters.
Pronunciation: kong-GREH-soh
Root and affixes: Borrowed from Spanish congreso and adapted to Cebuano pronunciation.
Variants or conjugations: kongreso, kongresista
Related words and expressions: government, law, assembly, meeting, representative
Meaning and usage notes: Kongreso can refer to Congress as a legislative institution or to a formal meeting of representatives.

congressgovernmentlawpolitics

Example 1

Nagpulong ang kongreso aron hisgutan ang bag-ong balaod.

Congress met to discuss the new law.

Example 2

Daghang representante ang mitambong sa kongreso.

Many representatives attended the congress.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tanyag

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

offernoun / verb

Alternative meanings: offer
proposal
proposition
bid
to offer, depending on context
Pronunciation: TAHN-yag
Root and affixes: Base form: tanyag. It can work as a noun for an offer or proposal, and as a verb meaning to offer something.
Variants or conjugations: tanyag = offer / to offer
mitanyag = offered
gitanyag = was offered / offered something
gitanyagan = was offered to
itanyag = to offer / present
pagtanyag = offering / act of offering
Related words and expressions: presyo = price
discount = discount
trabaho = job / work
proposisyon = proposition
halad = offering
Meaning and usage notes: Use tanyag for an offer as a proposal, job offer, or offered price. For a store discount offer, everyday speech may also use promo, diskwento, or sale.

businessdiscountjobofferpriceproposal

Example 1

Maayo ang iyang tanyag para sa balay.

His/Her offer for the house is good.

Example 2

Gitanyagan ko niya og trabaho.

He/She offered me a job.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

tunga

Basic Vocabulary Numbers & Quantities

English

half; middlenoun

Alternative meanings: One of two equal or nearly equal parts of something. It can also refer to the center or middle point of a thing, place, or situation.
Pronunciation: TOONG-ah
Root and affixes: Simple form used as a noun. It also appears in expressions related to splitting, dividing, or being in the middle.
Variants or conjugations: tunga
Related words and expressions: katunga = half; bahin = part; tunga-tunga = in the middle / about halfway
Meaning and usage notes: “Tunga” can mean half or middle depending on context. For “half of something,” “katunga” is also very useful.

halfmiddlenounquantity

Example 1

Hatagi ko og tunga sa pan.

Give me half of the bread.

Example 2

Naa siya sa tunga sa kwarto.

He/She is in the middle of the room.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

sulat

Basic Vocabulary Technology & Information

English

letternoun

Alternative meanings: written letter; mail; written message; writing
Pronunciation: SOO-laht
Root and affixes: Root: sulat = letter / writing / to write. It can work as a noun or verb depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: suwat = common variant; sulatan = to write to someone; sinulat = written text; magsulat = to write
Related words and expressions: liham = letter, more common in Tagalog
email = email
mensáhe = message
Meaning and usage notes: Sulat is used for a written letter or written message. Spanish “carta” can also mean menu or playing card; those meanings are not the main sense of this entry.

lettermailmessagewriting

Example 1

Nakadawat ko og sulat gikan sa akong higala.

I received a letter from my friend.

Example 2

Mosulat ko og sulat para nimo.

I will write a letter for you.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Senaryo

Art, Culture & Entertainment Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Places & Geography

English

scenario; setting; stageNoun

Alternative meanings: scenario; possible situation; imagined context; story outline; screenplay; hypothetical plan
Pronunciation: seh-NAR-yoh
Root and affixes: Modern loanword related to scenario. In Cebuano/Bisaya it is used for narrative, hypothetical, or planning scenarios.
Variants or conjugations: entablado; tablado; esteyds; movie scenario; possible scenario
Related words and expressions: event; activity; story; movie; theater; place; plan
Meaning and usage notes: Senaryo is best for scenario as a situation, possibility, script, or narrative context. For the physical stage where a play or event is presented, use entablado, tablado, or esteyds. For the place where something happened, lugar sa panghitabo may fit.

basic vocabularymoviescenarioscriptsettingstagetheater

Example 1

Lisod kini nga senaryo.

This scenario is difficult.

Example 2

Naa sila sa entablado.

They are on the stage.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Magpakaaron-ingnon

Actions & States Connectors & Function Words

English

to pretend; to feignverb

Alternative meanings: To act as if something is true when it is not; to fake or feign something.
Pronunciation: mag-pah-kah-ah-ron-ING-non
Root and affixes: Related to “aron-ingnon,” which expresses pretending or feigning. As an action, “magpakaaron-ingnon” means “to pretend/to feign.”
Variants or conjugations: pakaaron-ingnon; aron-ingnon; pagpakaaron-ingnon
Related words and expressions: fake; pretense; show; intention; aim
Meaning and usage notes: This entry uses “pretender” in the sense of “to pretend/feign.” For “pretender” as to aspire, intend, or court someone, words like “tinguha” or “paningúhà” may fit better depending on context.

actionsfeignpretendverbs

Example 1

Nagpakaaron-ingnon siya nga wala siya kabalo.

He/She pretended not to know anything.

Example 2

Ayaw pagpakaaron-ingnon nga okay ra ka.

Do not pretend that you are okay.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

mahulog

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to fall / to fall down / to dropverb

Alternative meanings: To move downward by accident, gravity, or loss of balance; also for something that drops, falls, or comes loose.
Pronunciation: mah-HOO-log
Root and affixes: From the root hulog, related to falling, dropping, or letting something fall; ma- can mark a possible or involuntary action/state.
Variants or conjugations: hulog, nahulog, mahulog, ihulog, paghulog
Related words and expressions: fall, drop, slip, tumble, collapse
Meaning and usage notes: Mahulog is used for to fall or fall down. Hulog is the root related to falling or a drop, while ihulog means to drop or let something fall.

actionbasicfallmovement

Example 1

Ayaw pagdali kay basin mahulog ka.

Do not hurry because you might fall.

Example 2

Nahulog ang libro gikan sa lamesa.

The book fell from the table.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

usab

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words

English

also; likewise; as welladverb / connector

Alternative meanings: A word used to add a similar or complementary idea. It means that something also happens, applies, or is added to what came before.
Pronunciation: OO-sahb
Root and affixes: Common function word. It can appear in different parts of the sentence depending on emphasis.
Variants or conjugations: usab; sad
Related words and expressions: pud = also; apil = included / together; dugang pa = furthermore
Meaning and usage notes: “Usab” can mean also/likewise/as well. In everyday speech, “pud” or “sad” is also common depending on region and tone.

adverbalsoconnectorlikewise

Example 1

Ganahan ko niini; siya usab ganahan.

I like this; he/she also likes it.

Example 2

Kinahanglan nato ang tubig ug pagkaon usab.

We need water and also food.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Lagda

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

norm; rulenoun

Alternative meanings: A norm, rule, guideline, or principle that indicates how something should be done or how someone should behave.
Pronunciation: LAHG-dah
Root and affixes: Root: lagda. It can be used as a noun for norm/rule and also as a verbal base related to setting rules.
Variants or conjugations: kalagdaan = code or set of rules; sumbanan = standard, pattern, or reference
Related words and expressions: standard, law, command, policy
Meaning and usage notes: Use lagda when talking about a specific norm or rule. Use sumbanan when you mean a standard, pattern, or model of reference.

abstract conceptsguidelinelawnormrule

Example 1

Sunda ang lagda sa eskwelahan.

Follow the school rule.

Example 2

Importante ang lagda aron klaro ang tanan.

The rule is important so everything is clear.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bentaha

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

advantagenoun

Alternative meanings: advantage
upper hand
favorable position
point in favor
competitive benefit
Pronunciation: bin-TAH-hah
Root and affixes: Adapted loanword from Spanish ventaja. Bentaha is used as a noun for an advantage or favorable position.
Variants or conjugations: bintaha = variant of bentaha
bentaha = advantage
nakabentaha = gained an advantage / had an advantage
walay bentaha = no advantage / even
namintaha = took advantage
Related words and expressions: kaayohan = benefit / welfare
benepisyo = benefit
lamang = advantage / being ahead, depending on context
daog = win
pabor = favor
Meaning and usage notes: Use bentaha when something gives you an advantage or a better position. For general benefit, kaayohan or benepisyo may also be used depending on context.

advantagebenefitbusinesscompetitionfavorable positionupper hand

Example 1

Bentaha ang kahibalo sa duha ka pinulongan.

Knowing two languages is an advantage.

Example 2

May bentaha siya kay daghan siyag kasinatian.

He/She has an advantage because he/she has a lot of experience.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pareho

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

similar / alikeadjective / adverb

Alternative meanings: similar
alike
same
resembling
of the same type or with similar characteristics
Pronunciation: pah-REH-hoh
Root and affixes: Loanword from Spanish parejo. In Cebuano it is used to express equality, similarity, or resemblance between people, things, ideas, or situations.
Variants or conjugations: pareho = similar / same / alike
pareha = common variant of pareho
parehas = common variant
susama = similar / alike / resembling
kapareha = same as / of the same type
mauraura = similar / more or less the same
Related words and expressions: sama = like / similar to
lahi = different
pariho = spelling or pronunciation variant in some uses
hitsura = appearance
klase = type / class
dagway = aspect / appearance
Meaning and usage notes: Use pareho when two things are the same, alike, or similar. If you want a more formal or comparative sense of resembling, susama also works well.

alikecomparisondescriptionequalresemblingsamesimilar

Example 1

Pareho og kolor ang duha ka sinina.

The two dresses are similar in color.

Example 2

Susama ang ilang mga ideya.

Their ideas are similar.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

bituon

Basic Vocabulary Nature & Weather

English

starnoun

Alternative meanings: A bright celestial body seen in the night sky. It can also be used figuratively for someone who is very outstanding.
Pronunciation: bee-TOO-ohn
Root and affixes: Simple form used as a noun. In plural or general meaning, it can refer to stars in the sky.
Variants or conjugations: bituon; bitoon
Related words and expressions: langit = sky; gabii = night; kahayag = light
Meaning and usage notes: “Bituon” is used for a star in the sky. For a celebrity or famous star, “artista” may also be used depending on context.

naturenounskystar

Example 1

Daghan kaayong bituon karong gabii.

There are many stars tonight.

Example 2

Nindot tan-awon ang bituon sa langit.

It is beautiful to see the star in the sky.

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