Ideas & Abstract Concepts – Page 2

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Timailhan

English

symbol; sign; mark; emblemnoun

Alternative meanings: An object, image, sign, or mark that represents an idea, identity, group, emotion, or meaning. It can also indicate a visible sign, clue, or marker.
Pronunciation: tee-mah-EEL-hahn
Root and affixes: Related to mailhan, recognizable or perceivable, and ilhan, to identify. Timailhan expresses something that lets people recognize, indicate, or represent an idea.
Variants or conjugations: symbol; sign; signal; mark; emblem
Related words and expressions: identity; identify; recognizable; image; mark; meaning; representation
Meaning and usage notes: Timailhan works for symbol, sign, emblem, or marker. Simbolo is also understood as a modern loanword, especially in school, technical, or formal contexts.

emblemmarksignsignalsymbol

Example 1

Ang salampati usa ka timailhan sa kalinaw.

The dove is a symbol of peace.

Example 2

Kini nga marka usa ka timailhan sa ilang grupo.

This mark is a symbol of their group.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kamay

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships

English

gesture; motion; expressive movementnoun

Alternative meanings: A movement of the hands, face, or body that expresses an idea, emotion, or intention. It can be a greeting gesture, approval, annoyance, affection, or a signal.
Pronunciation: kah-MY
Root and affixes: Kamay can mean gesture. Nikamay means gestured. It is also related to paglihok, movement, and timailhan or senyas when the gesture works as a sign or signal.
Variants or conjugations: motion; sign; signal; gestured; movement
Related words and expressions: hand; face; body; movement; sign; feeling; communication
Meaning and usage notes: Use kamay for gesture as a body motion. If the meaning is sign or signal, timailhan or senyas may be clearer. Kamay can have other meanings depending on accent and context.

expressiongesturemotionsignsignal

Example 1

Nasabtan nako ang iyang kamay.

I understood his or her gesture.

Example 2

NikamAy siya aron mutawag nako.

He or she gestured to call me.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tinuod

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

authentic; genuine; real; trueadjective / adverb

Alternative meanings: Something that is true, real, genuine, or not fake. It can describe a person, object, emotion, story, document, intention, or situation that corresponds to reality.
Pronunciation: tee-NOO-od
Root and affixes: Root: tinuod, true or real. Related forms include kamatuoran, truth; tinud-anay, genuine or sincere; matuod, true; and matinud-anon, sincere or faithful.
Variants or conjugations: genuine; true; truth; sincere; truly real; original
Related words and expressions: real; truth; sincere; original; not fake; correct; valid
Meaning and usage notes: Tinuod works for authentic, real, and true. For authentic in the sense of original or not a copy, orihinal can also be useful. For a sincere person, matinud-anon or tinud-anay may sound better.

authenticgenuineoriginalrealtrue

Example 1

Tinuod ba kini nga dokumento?

Is this document authentic?

Example 2

Tinud-anay ang iyang gibati.

The feeling is genuine.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Insidente

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community Technology & Information

English

incidence; incident; occurrence; casenoun

Alternative meanings: An event, occurrence, or case that happens and can be recorded, reported, or analyzed. In statistics or health, incidence can refer to the frequency or rate at which new cases appear in a population.
Pronunciation: in-see-DEN-teh
Root and affixes: Loanword adapted from incident. It is related to hitabo or panghitabo, event or occurrence. For incidence as a rate, it can be expressed as gidaghanon sa bag-ong kaso or tasa sa insidente.
Variants or conjugations: event; occurrence; accident; case; incident rate; number of cases
Related words and expressions: event; case; report; statistics; situation; impact; accident
Meaning and usage notes: Insidente works for incidencia when referring to a case, event, or report. If incidence means statistical frequency, it is better explained as a rate or number of new cases.

caseincidenceincidentoccurrencerate

Example 1

Gi-report sa pulis ang insidente.

The police reported the incident.

Example 2

Misaka ang gidaghanon sa bag-ong kaso sa sakit.

The incidence of the disease increased.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pagkunhod

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Ideas & Abstract Concepts Numbers & Quantities

English

decrease; reduction; decline; decrementnoun

Alternative meanings: The act or result of becoming smaller in amount, size, intensity, value, or importance. It can refer to a decrease, reduction, deduction, drop, or decline.
Pronunciation: pag-KOON-hod
Root and affixes: Comes from kunhod, to reduce, diminish, or lower. Related forms include mikunhod, decreased; nagkunhod, decreasing; kunhoran, to reduce something; and pakunhod, to mitigate or make smaller.
Variants or conjugations: kunhod; mikunhod; nagkunhod; nikunhod; kunhoran; pakunhod; pagminus
Related words and expressions: minus; lower; short; deduction; lowering; growth; increase
Meaning and usage notes: Pagkunhod works for decrease, reduction, or decrement. For discount or deduction of money, iban can also be useful. For a drop in price or level, pag-ubos may appear depending on context.

declinedecreasedecrementdropreduction

Example 1

Adunay pagkunhod sa presyo sa bugas.

There is a decrease in the price of rice.

Example 2

Nikunhod ang gidaghanon sa mga estudyante.

The number of students decreased.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Mahadlok

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Body & Health Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to fear; to be afraid; to get scaredverb

Alternative meanings: To feel fear, dread, or worry toward a person, thing, situation, danger, or possible result. It can also express being scared or afraid to do something.
Pronunciation: mah-HAD-lok
Root and affixes: Comes from hadlok, fear or something scary. Related forms include kahadlok, fear or dread; nahadlok, got scared; makahadlok, frightening; and gikahadlokan, feared.
Variants or conjugations: hadlok; kahadlok; nahadlok; mahadlokon; makahadlok; gikahadlokan; kuyawan
Related words and expressions: danger; worry; feared thing; cowardly; courage; safety
Meaning and usage notes: Mahadlok is used for to fear or to be afraid. Kahadlok is the noun fear or dread. Kuyawan can also express feeling scared or alarmed by something.

be afraiddreadfearget scaredscared

Example 1

Mahadlok ko sa kangitngit.

I am afraid of the dark.

Example 2

Ayaw kahadlok sa pagsugod pag-usab.

Do not fear starting again.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Batasan

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions Society & Community

English

custom; habit; behavior; mannersnoun

Alternative meanings: A usual way of acting, behaving, or doing something, whether of a person, family, community, or culture. It can also refer to manners, conduct, or a repeated practice.
Pronunciation: bah-TAH-sahn
Root and affixes: Root: batasan. It can express custom, habit, behavior, or manners. It is related to anad, to become accustomed, and naandan, accustomed or habitual.
Variants or conjugations: customary; accustomed; nature; manners; custom; habitual behavior
Related words and expressions: habit; manners; tradition; culture; rule; action; accustomed
Meaning and usage notes: Batasan works for custom as a habit or way of acting. Naandan is used for something accustomed, usual, or traditional. Kostumbre can also appear as a Spanish loanword.

behaviorcustomhabitmannerstradition

Example 1

Batasan namo nga mag-ampo una mokaon.

It is our custom to pray before eating.

Example 2

Maayo ang iyang batasan.

That person has good manners.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gahum

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

dominion; power; control; authoritynoun

Alternative meanings: Power, control, or authority over a person, territory, subject, situation, or area. It can also express dominion as the ability to command, influence, or control something.
Pronunciation: GAH-hoom
Root and affixes: Root: gahum, power or authority. Related forms include gamhanan, powerful; kagamhanan, government or authority; and makagagahum, very powerful.
Variants or conjugations: gahom; authorities; control; dominion; territory; domain
Related words and expressions: power; authority; control; command; govern; territory; government
Meaning and usage notes: Gahum works for dominion as power, control, or authority. If domain means territory, tirituryu may be used. If it means a web domain, domain or domain name is usually used in digital contexts.

authoritycontroldominionpowerweb domain

Example 1

Anaa siya sa gahum sa hari.

That person is under the authority of the king.

Example 2

Importante ang domain name sa usa ka website.

The domain name is important for a website.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pamatuod

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

testimony; proof; evidencenoun

Alternative meanings: Testimony, proof, or evidence that confirms, demonstrates, or supports a claim, fact, experience, or version of events.
Pronunciation: pah-mah-TOO-od
Root and affixes: Related to tinuod, true, and to the idea of proving or showing that something is true.
Variants or conjugations: testimony; evidence; statement; witness; proof
Related words and expressions: evidence; statement; witness; truth; confirm; court
Meaning and usage notes: Pamatuod can work as testimony or proof. For a formal statement, pahayag may fit; for physical evidence, ebidensya is more direct; for witness, saksi may be used depending on context.

caseconfirmationcourtevidencelegalproofstatementtestimonytruthwitness

Example 1

Ang iyang pamatuod importante sa kaso.

His/her testimony is important in the case.

Example 2

Aduna bay pamatuod nga tinuod kini?

Is there proof that this is true?

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Palig-on

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

to consolidate; to reinforce; to strengthenverb

Alternative meanings: To consolidate, reinforce, strengthen, or make something firmer. It can refer to a structure, project, agreement, position, relationship, team, or idea.
Pronunciation: pah-LIG-on
Root and affixes: Related to lig-on, firm or strong. Palig-on expresses making something stronger, firmer, or more stable.
Variants or conjugations: palig-on; firm; strength; strengthening; be strengthened
Related words and expressions: stability; firm; integration; unity; strength; foundation
Meaning and usage notes: Palig-on works for consolidate when it means to strengthen or make firmer. If consolidate means to unite or integrate parts, paghiusa may fit better.

agreementconsolidatefoundationmake firmprojectreinforcestabilitystrengthenstructureteam

Example 1

Kinahanglan palig-onon ang ilang kasabutan.

They need to consolidate their agreement.

Example 2

Palig-onon nato ang pundasyon sa proyekto.

Let us strengthen the foundation of the project.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tibuok

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Numbers & Quantities Qualities & Descriptions

English

whole; entire; complete; totaladjective / noun

Alternative meanings: Complete, undivided, lacking no parts, or considered in its entirety. It can describe objects, time, groups, quantities, or complete ideas.
Pronunciation: tee-BOO-ok
Root and affixes: Root: tibuok. Related forms include katibuok, wholeness or entirety; kinatibuk-an, totality or whole set; and sa tibuok, throughout the whole.
Variants or conjugations: wholeness; entirety; throughout; whole; make whole; all
Related words and expressions: complete; all; whole; nothing missing; totality; entirety
Meaning and usage notes: Tibuok is used for whole or complete when something is viewed as one complete unit. Tanan means all or everything as a set of elements; tibuok emphasizes the complete unit.

allcompleteentiretotalwhole

Example 1

Gikaon niya ang tibuok pan.

He or she ate the whole bread.

Example 2

Nagtrabaho siya sa tibuok adlaw.

He or she worked the entire day.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Relatibo

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

relative; related; context-dependentadjective

Alternative meanings: Depending on a relationship, comparison, or context; not absolute. It can also mean related to something depending on usage.
Pronunciation: reh-lah-TEE-boh
Root and affixes: Loanword adapted from relativo/relative. For related to something, may kalabutan is also used; for a family relative, use kabanay.
Variants or conjugations: relative; related; context; not absolute
Related words and expressions: related; relation; family relative; context; comparison; absolute
Meaning and usage notes: Relatibo works for relative as not absolute or context-dependent. If you mean family relative, use kabanay. If you mean related, may kalabutan is more natural.

adjectivecomparisoncontextcontext-dependentdependentfamily relativenot absoluterelatedrelationrelative

Example 1

Relatibo ang tubag depende sa konteksto.

The answer is relative depending on the context.

Example 2

Relatibo ra ang kahinungdanon niini.

The importance of this is only relative.

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