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Vocabulary category: Time & Calendar

Days, weeks, months, years, hours, and time references.

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

pag-abot

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English

arrivalnoun

Alternative meanings

The action or moment when someone or something arrives at a place, destination, or situation.

Pronunciation

pahg-AH-boht

Root and affixes

Related to abot, meaning to arrive or reach. Pag- forms the action noun: arrival.

Variants or conjugations

pag-abot; abot; miabot

Related words and expressions

abot = to arrive / reach; biyahe = trip; destinasyon = destination

Meaning and usage notes

“Pag-abot” is used for the arrival of people, vehicles, news, or moments. For estimated arrival time, it can combine with oras.

arrivalnountraveltrip
Example 1

Unsa oras ang pag-abot nimo?

What time is your arrival?

Example 2

Nalipay mi sa iyang pag-abot.

We were happy about his/her arrival.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tagna

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English

foresee / predictverb / noun

Alternative meanings

foresee
predict
forecast
foretell
guess
anticipate what may happen
prediction
forecast

Pronunciation

TAG-nah

Root and affixes

Tagna is a root related to prediction or divination. Pagtagna refers to the act of predicting or forecasting, and mananagna can refer to a person who predicts or prophesies.

Variants or conjugations

tagna = foresee / predict / guess
pagtagna = prediction / forecast / act of foreseeing
mutagna = to foresee or predict
nagtagna = predicted / was predicting
mananagna = prophet / predictor / diviner, depending on context

Related words and expressions

paabot = anticipate / expect / wait
pagpaabot = anticipation / expectation
daan = beforehand / previously, depending on context
sabot = understand
kaugmaon = future

Meaning and usage notes

Use tagna when foresee means to predict or forecast something in the future. For foresee in the sense of preparing ahead or anticipating a need, paabot or expressions with daan may sound more natural depending on the sentence.

anticipateforecastforeseeforetellfuturepredictprediction
Example 1

Lisod tagnaon unsay mahitabo ugma.

It is hard to predict what will happen tomorrow.

Example 2

Nagtagnà sila nga moulan karon.

They predicted that it would rain today.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Miagi

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English

previous / prioradjective / time marker

Alternative meanings

previous
prior
past
that happened before
belonging to an earlier time
last, when referring to the preceding period

Pronunciation

mee-AH-gee

Root and affixes

Related to agi, the idea of passing or having passed. Miagi points to something that happened before or belongs to an earlier time.

Variants or conjugations

miagi = previous / prior / past
miaging = previous / past, used before a noun
niagi = passed / previous, verbal variant
nangagi = past / things that already passed
sa una = before / formerly
nauna = prior / previous / first
sa wala pa = prior to / before

Related words and expressions

una = first / before
nauna = previous / prior
sa una = before / in the past
kaniadto = formerly
gahapon = yesterday
panahon = time / period

Meaning and usage notes

Use miagi for previous or prior when talking about something that already passed: previous week, prior year, past time. For “prior to” before an event, sa wala pa may sound more natural. For “the previous one” in a list, nauna or una may fit better.

adjectivebeforepastperiodpreviouspriortime
Example 1

Sa miaging semana, nagtrabaho ko og daghan.

The previous week, I worked a lot.

Example 2

Kinahanglan nato tan-awon ang miaging rekord.

We need to check the previous record.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Adlaw

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English

sun; daynoun

Alternative meanings

Sun; the star that gives light and heat. It also means day or daylight period in Cebuano.

Pronunciation

AHD-law

Root and affixes

Adlaw works as a root for words related to the sun, the day, and daylight.

Variants or conjugations

adlawan = daylight or daytime; adlaw-adlaw = daily or every day; kada-adlaw = every day

Related words and expressions

daylight, daily, light, heat, morning

Meaning and usage notes

Use adlaw for the sun when talking about the star or sunlight. It can also mean day, so context helps distinguish the meaning.

dayheatlightnaturesun
Example 1

Init kaayo ang adlaw karon.

The sun is very strong today.

Example 2

Nindot ang adlaw sa baybayon.

The sun looks beautiful at the beach.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Biyernes

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English

Fridaynoun

Alternative meanings

The day of the week after Thursday and before Saturday. It is often associated with the end of the workweek, plans, rest, or weekend activities.

Pronunciation

bee-YER-nes

Root and affixes

Borrowed from Spanish viernes. It is part of the names of the days of the week in Bisaya.

Variants or conjugations

Biyernes; Birnes; adlaw nga Biyernes

Related words and expressions

week; Huwebes; Sabado; day; weekend

Meaning and usage notes

In time phrases, it is often used with sa: sa Biyernes means on Friday; kada Biyernes means every Friday.

calendardays of the weekFridaytimeweekend
Example 1

Magkita ta sa Biyernes.

We will meet on Friday.

Example 2

Naa koy trabaho kada Biyernes.

I have work every Friday.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pista

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English

festival / fiestanoun / verb

Alternative meanings

festival
fiesta
community celebration
holiday
patron saint feast
festive banquet

Pronunciation

PEES-tah

Root and affixes

A loanword related to Spanish “fiesta.” In Cebuano it is used for religious, community, or public celebrations, especially patron saint fiestas.

Variants or conjugations

fiesta = Spanish form, also understood
adlaw-pista = festival day / fiesta day
pista sa baryo = village fiesta
pista sa patron = patron saint feast
festival = festival, modern borrowed form

Related words and expressions

saulog = celebration / to celebrate
kasadya = joy / celebration
parada = parade
kalihokan = event / activity
kumbira = banquet / feast

Meaning and usage notes

Pista usually refers to a community or religious fiesta, especially the annual celebration of a town or village. For modern film, music, or art festivals, festival or pasundayag may also fit depending on context.

celebrationcommunitycultureeventfestivalfiestaholidaypatron saint feast
Example 1

Dako kaayo ang pista sa among baryo.

The festival in our village is very big.

Example 2

Daghan og bisita atol sa pista.

There are many visitors during the fiesta.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Huwebes

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English

Thursdayproper noun

Alternative meanings

Thursday; day of the week; day between Wednesday and Friday

Pronunciation

hweh-BES

Root and affixes

Day name borrowed from Spanish jueves and adapted in Bisaya/Cebuano. Cebuano day names usually come from Spanish.

Variants or conjugations

hwebes; huybes; Huwebes; baylo-baylo

Related words and expressions

adlaw = day; semana = week; Miyerkules = Wednesday; Biyernes = Friday; kada Huwebes = every Thursday

Meaning and usage notes

To say on Thursday, use sa Huwebes. For every Thursday, say kada Huwebes or matag Huwebes. Baylo-baylo appears as an archaic form.

calendardatedayThursdayweek
Example 1

Magkita ta sa Huwebes.

We will see each other on Thursday.

Example 2

Naa koy klase kada Huwebes.

I have class every Thursday.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Abril

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English

Aprilnoun / month name

Alternative meanings

Abril means April. It is the fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, after March and before May. It is used in dates, calendars, plans, birthdays, events, and schedules.

Pronunciation

ah-BREEL

Root and affixes

Borrowed from Spanish abril. The basic form has no affixes. The abbreviation Abr. may also appear.

Variants or conjugations

abril; Abril; Abr.; sa Abril; karong Abril; sunod Abril; miaging Abril; bulan sa Abril

Related words and expressions

month; calendar; date; March; May; year; event

Meaning and usage notes

Cebuano/Bisaya month names are largely borrowed from Spanish. “Sa Abril” means “in April.”

aprilcalendardateeventmonthtimeyear
Example 1

Sa Abril ko moadto.

I will go in April.

Example 2

Abril ang iyang adlawng natawhan.

His/Her birthday is in April.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Mayo

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English

Maynoun

Alternative meanings

The fifth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, after April and before June.

Pronunciation

MAH-yoh

Root and affixes

Borrowed from Spanish mayo. It is part of the names of the months in Bisaya.

Variants or conjugations

bulan sa Mayo; Mayo nga bulan

Related words and expressions

Abril; Hunyo; month; year; calendar

Meaning and usage notes

Mayo is used for the month. It should not be confused with may, which in Cebuano can work as an existential or possessive marker.

calendarMaymonthstimeyear
Example 1

Magsugod ang klase sa Mayo.

Classes start in May.

Example 2

Natawo siya sa Mayo.

He/She was born in May.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Sabado

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English

Saturdaynoun

Alternative meanings

The day of the week after Friday and before Sunday. It is often associated with rest, plans, shopping, family, or weekend activities.

Pronunciation

sa-BA-doh

Root and affixes

Borrowed from Spanish sábado. It is part of the names of the days of the week in Bisaya.

Variants or conjugations

Sabado; adlaw nga Sabado

Related words and expressions

week; Biyernes; Domingo; day; weekend

Meaning and usage notes

In time phrases, it is often used with sa: sa Sabado means on Saturday; kada Sabado means every Saturday.

calendardays of the weekSaturdaytimeweekend
Example 1

Magkita ta sa Sabado.

We will meet on Saturday.

Example 2

Moadto ko sa merkado kada Sabado.

I go to the market every Saturday.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Karaan

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English

oldadjective

Alternative meanings

old; ancient; former; from the past; historical; outdated, depending on context

Pronunciation

kah-RAH-ahn

Root and affixes

Related to daan, meaning old or previous. The form karaan is used for something very old, ancient, or belonging to past times.

Variants or conjugations

daan; karaang; kakaraanan; karaang panahon

Related words and expressions

daan = old or previous; tradisyonal = traditional; kanhi = before or formerly; kasaysayan = history; karaang butang = antique object

Meaning and usage notes

Karaan works well for old objects, customs, stories, and places. For an old person, tigulang may fit better; for something traditional, tradisyonal may be more specific.

ancienthistoricaloldpasttraditional
Example 1

Karaan kaayo kini nga balay.

This house is very old.

Example 2

Ganahan ko sa karaang mga sugilanon.

I like old stories.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Agosto

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English

Augustnoun

Alternative meanings

The eighth month of the year, after July and before September.

Pronunciation

ah-GOHS-toh

Root and affixes

Name of a month used as a noun. It is borrowed from Spanish and adapted to local use.

Variants or conjugations

Agosto

Related words and expressions

Hulyo = July; Septiyembre = September; bulan = month

Meaning and usage notes

Month names in Bisaya often look very similar to Spanish because of historical influence.

Augustcalendarmonthnoun
Example 1

Moabot siya sa Agosto.

He/She will arrive in August.

Example 2

Init kaayo sa Agosto.

It is very hot in August.

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