Basic Vocabulary – Page 51

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pista

English

festival / fiestanoun / verb

Alternative meanings: festival
fiesta
community celebration
holiday
patron saint feast
festive banquet
Pronunciation: PEES-tah
Root and affixes: A loanword related to Spanish “fiesta.” In Cebuano it is used for religious, community, or public celebrations, especially patron saint fiestas.
Variants or conjugations: fiesta = Spanish form, also understood
adlaw-pista = festival day / fiesta day
pista sa baryo = village fiesta
pista sa patron = patron saint feast
festival = festival, modern borrowed form
Related words and expressions: saulog = celebration / to celebrate
kasadya = joy / celebration
parada = parade
kalihokan = event / activity
kumbira = banquet / feast
Meaning and usage notes: Pista usually refers to a community or religious fiesta, especially the annual celebration of a town or village. For modern film, music, or art festivals, festival or pasundayag may also fit depending on context.

celebrationcommunitycultureeventfestivalfiestaholidaypatron saint feast

Example 1

Dako kaayo ang pista sa among baryo.

The festival in our village is very big.

Example 2

Daghan og bisita atol sa pista.

There are many visitors during the fiesta.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bayrus

Basic Vocabulary Body & Health Technology & Information

English

virusnoun

Alternative meanings: Virus; a microscopic infectious agent that can cause disease. It can also refer to malicious software or a computer virus.
Pronunciation: BAY-roos
Root and affixes: A loanword adapted from English virus. In everyday writing it may also appear directly as virus.
Variants or conjugations: virus = common international form; bayrus = adapted form; takod = related infection or contagion
Related words and expressions: disease, infection, contagion, computer, malware
Meaning and usage notes: Use bayrus for biological viruses and also in technology. In medical or technical texts, virus is also widely understood.

computerhealthinfectionmalwarevirus

Example 1

Ang bayrus dali ra mokaylap kung dili mag-amping.

The virus can spread easily if people are not careful.

Example 2

Naay bayrus ang kompyuter.

The computer has a virus.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

pahunongon

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to stop; to halt; to make stopverb

Alternative meanings: To make something or someone stop moving, continuing, or happening. It can be used for stopping an action, person, vehicle, or process.
Pronunciation: pah-hoo-NOHNG-ohn
Root and affixes: Related to hunong, meaning to stop or stop moving. Pa- and -on indicate making something stop.
Variants or conjugations: pahunongon; hunong; mohunong; gipahunong
Related words and expressions: hunong = to stop; pugong = to restrain / hold back; undang = to cease / stop doing
Meaning and usage notes: “Pahunongon” works for stopping something or making it stop. For “detain/arrest,” “dakpon” may fit depending on context.

haltpausestopverb

Example 1

Pahunongon nato ang awto dinhi.

Let us stop the car here.

Example 2

Gipahunong niya ang dula.

He/She stopped the game.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Huwebes

Basic Vocabulary Time & Calendar

English

Thursdayproper noun

Alternative meanings: Thursday; day of the week; day between Wednesday and Friday
Pronunciation: hweh-BES
Root and affixes: Day name borrowed from Spanish jueves and adapted in Bisaya/Cebuano. Cebuano day names usually come from Spanish.
Variants or conjugations: hwebes; huybes; Huwebes; baylo-baylo
Related words and expressions: adlaw = day; semana = week; Miyerkules = Wednesday; Biyernes = Friday; kada Huwebes = every Thursday
Meaning and usage notes: To say on Thursday, use sa Huwebes. For every Thursday, say kada Huwebes or matag Huwebes. Baylo-baylo appears as an archaic form.

calendardatedayThursdayweek

Example 1

Magkita ta sa Huwebes.

We will see each other on Thursday.

Example 2

Naa koy klase kada Huwebes.

I have class every Thursday.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pugos

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to force / to imposeverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to force
to oblige
to impose
to compel
to pressure
to make someone do something by force or necessity
Pronunciation: POO-gohs
Root and affixes: Root: pugos = to oblige or force. Some dictionaries show pugus due to spelling or phonetic variation. For imposing a rule or enforcing a regulation, the borrowed form “imponer” may also appear.
Variants or conjugations: pugus = variant
mamugos = to insist / force
napugos = forced / compelled
pugson = will be forced
pagpamugos = insistence / coercion
imponer = to impose / enforce, borrowed form
Related words and expressions: imponer = to impose / enforce
presyon = pressure
pamugos = coercion / insistence
sugo = to order / command uman = to fulfill / obey
mando = command / to command
Meaning and usage notes: Use pugos for forcing, compelling, or imposing something on someone. If you mean imposing a law, rule, or regulation, “imponer” as a loanword or a construction meaning apply/enforce may sound more administrative.

enforcelawpressureruleto compelto forceto imposeto oblige

Example 1

Ayaw siya pugsa kung dili siya ganahan.

Do not force him/her if he/she does not want to.

Example 2

Gipugos nila ang bag-ong balaod.

They imposed the new law.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Hari

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Society & Community

English

king; monarch; sovereignnoun

Alternative meanings: King, male monarch, or sovereign; ruler of a kingdom. It can also refer to someone who dominates or excels greatly at something.
Pronunciation: HAH-ree
Root and affixes: Hari works as a root. Related forms include harian, to rule or reign, and harianon, royal or majestic.
Variants or conjugations: harian = to rule or reign; harianon = royal or majestic; gingharian = kingdom
Related words and expressions: queen, kingdom, monarch, government, power
Meaning and usage notes: Use hari for a literal king. Figuratively, it can describe someone very dominant or the best at an activity.

governmentkingkingdommonarchsovereign

Example 1

Ang hari nagpuyo sa palasyo.

The king lives in the palace.

Example 2

Siya ang hari sa ilang gingharian.

He is the king of their kingdom.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Gugma

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships

English

love; affection; carenoun

Alternative meanings: A deep feeling of affection, care, tenderness, or attachment toward a person, family, partner, idea, place, or cause.
Pronunciation: GOOG-mah
Root and affixes: Root related to love and affection. It forms words such as higugma, to love or fall in love, and hinigugma, beloved or loved one.
Variants or conjugations: paghigugma; higugma; hinigugma; gugmahanon
Related words and expressions: gihigugma; hinigugma; affection; heart; feeling
Meaning and usage notes: Gugma is the noun for love. To say to love as a verb, forms like higugma or gihigugma are used depending on the sentence structure.

affectioncarefeelingsloverelationships

Example 1

Ang gugma naghatag og kalipay.

Love gives happiness.

Example 2

Dakong gugma ang iyang gibati para sa pamilya.

He/She feels great love for his/her family.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

bayad

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business

English

payment; to paynoun / verb

Alternative meanings: Money or compensation given for a product, service, debt, or work. It can also refer to the act of paying.
Pronunciation: BAH-yahd
Root and affixes: Root: bayad. It can function as a noun and also form verbs like mobayad, to pay.
Variants or conjugations: bayad; mobayad; gibayad; pagbayad
Related words and expressions: kwarta = money; gasto = expense; presyo = price; suweldo = salary
Meaning and usage notes: “Bayad” is a very common word for payment or to pay. Context shows whether it refers to the money paid or the act of paying.

moneynounpaypaymentverb

Example 1

Pila ang bayad?

How much is the payment?

Example 2

Mobayad ko karon.

I will pay now.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Artistiko

Art, Culture & Entertainment Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

artisticadjective

Alternative meanings: artistic
related to art
creative
having artistic quality
done with artistic style or expression
Pronunciation: ar-TEES-tee-koh
Root and affixes: Related to arte, the word used for art. Artistiko works as a modern adjective for something artistic; diarti or di-arte may also appear with the meaning artistic.
Variants or conjugations: artistiko = artistic
diarti / di-arte = artistic, especially in writing or style
arte = art
artistahon = actor-like or artist-like, depending on context
may arte = with art / with style, depending on context
Related words and expressions: arte = art
artista = artist / actor
paglalang = creation
obra = work / artwork
pasundayag = presentation / show
larawan = image / drawing
Meaning and usage notes: Use artistiko to describe something related to art, a work, a style, a presentation, or a creative form. Diarti may sound more literary or traditional; artistiko is transparent and useful for modern searches.

aestheticartartisticartworkcreativedesignstyle

Example 1

Artistiko kaayo ang iyang disenyo.

His/Her design is very artistic.

Example 2

Ganahan ko sa artistiko nga estilo sa obra.

I like the artistic style of the work.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Lihok

Actions & States Art, Culture & Entertainment Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to act; to move; to function; action; movement; behaviornoun / verb

Alternative meanings: Lihok means action, movement, or to act. It can be used for physically moving, taking action, functioning, behaving, or acting in response to a situation. For acting in a movie, play, or performance, akting or pag-arte may be more specific.
Pronunciation: LEE-hohk
Root and affixes: Verbal and nominal root: lihok. Common forms: molihok = will act/move; milihok = acted/moved; paglihok = action or movement; lihokon = to move something; kalihokan = activity or event.
Variants or conjugations: paglihok; molihok; milihok; lihokon; kalihokan; aksiyon; buhat; akting; pag-arte; artista
Related words and expressions: act; action; movement; move; function; behavior; activity; theater; movie
Meaning and usage notes: Use lihok for acting in the sense of doing something, moving, or responding. Use akting or pag-arte when talking about acting as an actor/actress in film, theater, or a performance.

actactionbehaviorfunctionmovemovementtheater

Example 1

Kinahanglan ta molihok karon.

We need to act now.

Example 2

Ganahan siya mag-akting sa entablado.

He/She likes to act on stage.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pultahan

Basic Vocabulary Places & Geography

English

doornoun

Alternative meanings: door
entrance
access point
threshold
opening used to enter or exit
Pronunciation: pool-TAH-hahn
Root and affixes: From “pulta” plus the suffix “-han,” forming a word for door or place of entry.
Variants or conjugations: purtahan = variant
pwerta = door, borrowed from Spanish
puwerta = variant of pwerta
pulta = door / doorway, related form
Related words and expressions: abli = to open
sirado = closed
ganghaan = gate / entrance / doorway
balay = house
sulod = enter / inside
gawas = exit / outside
Meaning and usage notes: Pultahan is a common form for door. Pwerta/puwerta are also understood through Spanish influence. Ganghaan can sound more like entrance, gate, or access door.

accessdoorentrancegatehouseobjectthreshold

Example 1

Ablihi ang pultahan, palihog.

Open the door, please.

Example 2

Sirado ang pultahan sa balay.

The door of the house is closed.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kabanay

Basic Vocabulary Family People & Relationships

English

relative; family member; kinnoun

Alternative meanings: Relative, family member, or kin; a person connected to another person through family or kinship.
Pronunciation: kah-BAH-nai
Root and affixes: Formed with ka- and banay. Banay relates to family or family group; kabanay means family member or relative.
Variants or conjugations: paryente = relative; kadugo = blood relative; kaliwat = lineage or descendants; banay = family
Related words and expressions: family, relative, blood relative, household, lineage
Meaning and usage notes: Use kabanay for a relative or family member in a general sense. If you want to emphasize blood relation, kadugo can be more specific.

familyfamily memberkinkinshiprelative

Example 1

Daghan akong kabanay sa Cebu.

I have many relatives in Cebu.

Example 2

Miabot ang iyang mga kabanay.

His/Her relatives arrived.

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