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Bisaya · Cebuano

Vocabulary

Learn Bisaya words with meanings, pronunciation, variants, notes, and examples.

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pag-usab

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English

modification; change; revisionnoun / related verb

Alternative meanings

modification; change; alteration; revision; adjustment; act of modifying or changing something

Pronunciation

pag-OO-sab

Root and affixes

From usab, to change, modify, or repeat. Usbon means to modify or change something; kausaban is change as a result or state.

Variants or conjugations

kausaban; usbon; usabon; modipikasyon; pagbag-o; rebisyon

Related words and expressions

change; modify; alteration; transformation; expand; adjust; revision

Meaning and usage notes

Pag-usab works for modification or revision. Kausaban is more change as a result. Pagbag-o can sound more like transformation, renewal, or broad change.

adjustmentalterationchangemodificationrevision
Example 1

Kinahanglan og gamay nga pag-usab sa plano.

A small modification to the plan is needed.

Example 2

Human sa pag-usab, mas sayon gamiton ang sistema.

After the modification, the system is easier to use.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Eksamen

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English

exam; examination; testnoun

Alternative meanings

exam; examination; test; school assessment; set of questions used to measure knowledge

Pronunciation

ek-SAH-men

Root and affixes

Loanword related to exam/examination. Eksam appears as a short form, eksaminasyon as a more formal form, and pasulit as test or quiz.

Variants or conjugations

eksam; eksaminasyon; pasulit; pagsulay; test

Related words and expressions

study; grade; evaluation; quiz; question; school; class

Meaning and usage notes

Eksamen is useful for a school or academic exam. For a test in a broader sense, pagsulay can also be used. For a quiz or short test, pasulit may fit.

evaluationexamquizschooltest
Example 1

Lisod ang eksamen karong adlawa.

The exam today is difficult.

Example 2

Nagtuon siya para sa iyang eksamen ugma.

He or she is studying for the exam tomorrow.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Awtonomiya

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English

autonomy; self-governmentnoun

Alternative meanings

autonomy; self-government; relative independence; ability to decide for oneself; self-direction

Pronunciation

ow-toh-noh-MEE-yah

Root and affixes

Loanword related to autonomy. It is connected to otonomus, autonomous, kagawasan, independence, and kaugalingong pagdumala, self-government.

Variants or conjugations

otonomiya; awtonomya; kaugalingong pagdumala; kagawasan; independenteng paglihok

Related words and expressions

freedom; independent; autonomous; government; management; right; decision

Meaning and usage notes

Awtonomiya is useful in political, educational, or personal contexts. For community or regional self-government, kaugalingong pagdumala may sound more descriptive.

autonomydecisionfreedomindependenceself-government
Example 1

Importante ang awtonomiya sa lokal nga komunidad.

The autonomy of the local community is important.

Example 2

Gusto niya og mas dako nga awtonomiya sa iyang trabaho.

He or she wants more autonomy at work.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bukid

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English

mountain; hill; countrysidenoun

Alternative meanings

mountain; hill; highland; countryside; rural area depending on context

Pronunciation

BOO-kid

Root and affixes

Inherited Philippine word. Related forms include kabukiran or kabukidan, mountains or mountainous area, and bukiron, mountainous.

Variants or conjugations

kabukiran; kabukidan; bukiron; bukidnon; monte

Related words and expressions

nature; landscape; river; forest; land; road; high

Meaning and usage notes

Bukid means mountain, but in conversation it can also mean countryside or rural area. For a mountain range or group of mountains, use kabukiran or kabukidan.

countrysidelandscapemountainnaturerural area
Example 1

Taas kaayo ang bukid nga among gisaka.

The mountain we climbed is very high.

Example 2

Nagpuyo sila sa bukid ug nag-uma.

They live in the countryside or mountains and farm.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Orkestra

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English

orchestranoun

Alternative meanings

orchestra; instrumental musical group; ensemble of musicians; main floor seating in a theater depending on context

Pronunciation

or-KES-trah

Root and affixes

Loanword from Spanish orquesta/orquestra. It is related to banda, band or group of musicians, and musika, music.

Variants or conjugations

orkestra; orquestra; banda; grupo sa musika; sinfonikong orkestra

Related words and expressions

music; band; musician; concert; stage; theater; instrument

Meaning and usage notes

Orkestra is used for a formal or classical orchestra. Banda can be more general for a music group, especially a wind band or popular band.

bandconcertinstrumentsmusicorchestra
Example 1

Mitukar ang orkestra sa dako nga konsiyerto.

The orchestra played at the big concert.

Example 2

Ganahan siya maminaw sa orkestra.

He or she likes listening to the orchestra.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Makanunayon

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English

continuous; constant; steadyadjective

Alternative meanings

continuous; constant; steady; regular; persistent; without major interruption

Pronunciation

mah-kah-noo-NAH-yon

Root and affixes

From kanunay, meaning always, continually, or frequently. Makanunayon expresses a continuous or constant quality.

Variants or conjugations

kanunay; padayon; walay hunong; permanente; sunod-sunod; makanunayon

Related words and expressions

always; continue; proceed; permanent; consecutive; nonstop

Meaning and usage notes

Use makanunayon for continuous or constant. Kanunay works more as always or continually. Padayon is more for to continue or keep going.

constantcontinuousregularsteadyuninterrupted
Example 1

Makanunayon ang pag-uswag sa proyekto.

The progress of the project is continuous.

Example 2

Kinahanglan ang makanunayon nga pagbansay.

Continuous training is needed.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Timan-anan

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English

marker; bookmark; landmarknoun

Alternative meanings

marker; mark; sign; reference point; indicator; bookmark depending on context

Pronunciation

tee-man-AH-nan

Root and affixes

From timaan, mark, sign, or symbol. Timan-anan names something that serves as a mark, marker, or reference point.

Variants or conjugations

timaan; timailhan; marka; marker; bookmark; pananda

Related words and expressions

mark; sign; indicator; point; record; score; book

Meaning and usage notes

Timan-anan works for marker as a mark or reference. For a sports score, use eskor. For a writing marker, marker or pentel pen is often used in everyday speech.

bookmarkmarkmarkerreferencesign
Example 1

Gamita kini nga papel isip timan-anan sa libro.

Use this paper as a bookmark in the book.

Example 2

Ang bato nagsilbing timan-anan sa utlanan.

The stone served as a boundary marker.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Bansay

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English

to train; to practice; to coachverb / adjective

Alternative meanings

to train; to practice; to coach; to exercise; to prepare through practice; skillful or proficient depending on context

Pronunciation

BAN-sigh

Root and affixes

Root: bansay. Pagbansay means training; tigbansay means trainer or coach; bansay-bansay can mean repeated practice or training.

Variants or conjugations

magbansay; mubansay; pagbansay; bansay-bansay; praktis; ehersisyo

Related words and expressions

training; trainer; practice; exercise; sport; skill; teach

Meaning and usage notes

Bansay works for to train or practice. For general physical exercise, ehersisyo can also be used. For everyday skill practice, praktis is also common.

coachexercisepracticeskilltrain
Example 1

Mubansay siya kada buntag para sa duwa.

He or she trains every morning for the game.

Example 2

Akoy mubansay sa bag-ong empleyado.

I will train the new employee.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ikaunom

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English

sixthadjective / ordinal number

Alternative meanings

sixth; ordinal number six; sixth position; sixth place or sixth turn

Pronunciation

ee-kah-OO-nom

Root and affixes

Formed with the ordinal prefix ika- and unom, meaning six. It can also be written ika-unom.

Variants or conjugations

ika-unom; ikaunom; unom; sais

Related words and expressions

six; ordinal; number; fifth; seventh; position

Meaning and usage notes

Ikaunom is the native ordinal for sixth. Unom is six as a cardinal number. Sais is used in some contexts due to Spanish influence.

numberordinalpositionsixsixth
Example 1

Siya ang ikaunom sa linya.

He or she is sixth in line.

Example 2

Naa ko sa ikaunom nga grado.

I am in sixth grade.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Negosyar

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English

to negotiate; to bargainverb

Alternative meanings

to negotiate; to discuss terms; to bargain; to work toward an agreement; to negotiate a price depending on context

Pronunciation

neh-gos-YAR

Root and affixes

Loanword related to Spanish negociar. It is also connected to negosasyon, negotiation, and sabot/makigsabot, to negotiate or come to an agreement.

Variants or conjugations

makigsabot; sabot; magsabot; mag-negosyar; makig-negosasyon; baratohon

Related words and expressions

negotiation; agreement; contract; price; business; deal; compromise

Meaning and usage notes

Negosyar is clear for to negotiate. Makigsabot sounds very natural when the idea is to talk in order to reach an agreement. For bargaining over price, use makigsabot sa presyo or baratohon depending on the sentence.

agreementbusinesscontractnegotiateprice
Example 1

Kinahanglan nato nga makig-negosyar sa presyo.

We need to negotiate the price.

Example 2

Nag-negosyar sila aron makab-ot ang kasabutan.

They negotiated to reach an agreement.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Mamugnaon

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English

creative; inventive; imaginativeadjective

Alternative meanings

creative; inventive; imaginative; original; able to create or produce new ideas

Pronunciation

mah-moog-NAH-on

Root and affixes

From mugna, to create or creation. Ma- and -on form the idea of having a creative quality or tendency.

Variants or conjugations

mamugnaong; kreatibo; malikhaon; mahunahunaon; artistiko

Related words and expressions

create; creation; artist; idea; design; innovation; imagination

Meaning and usage notes

Mamugnaon is natural for creative or inventive. Artistiko focuses more on artistic, and kreatibo may appear as a modern loanword.

artcreativeideasimaginativeinventive
Example 1

Mamugnaon kaayo siya sa iyang mga ideya.

He or she is very creative with ideas.

Example 2

Kinahanglan og mamugnaon nga solusyon sa problema.

A creative solution is needed for the problem.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Abot

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English

reach; range; scopenoun / verb

Alternative meanings

reach; arrival; to reach; to arrive; limit something can reach; ability to reach or cover

Pronunciation

AH-bot

Root and affixes

Root: abot, to arrive or reach. Common forms: mo-abot, will arrive; gi-abot, was reached; aboton, to reach something; abtan, to reach or catch up with someone.

Variants or conjugations

maabot; mo-abot; aboton; abtan; sakop; kasangkaran; natad

Related words and expressions

reach; achieve; scope; limitation; distance; field; goal

Meaning and usage notes

Use abot for reach or getting to something. For scope or coverage of a topic or project, sakop, natad, or kasangkaran may be more precise.

coveragelimitrangereachscope
Example 1

Wala sa akong abot ang butang sa ibabaw.

The thing above is out of my reach.

Example 2

Dako ang abot sa ilang programa.

The reach of their program is wide.

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