Vocabulario – Page 39

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pakigbisog

English

struggle; to struggle; fight; to fightnoun / verb

Pronunciation: pah-kig-BEE-sog
Root and affixes: Formed with “pakig-,” which indicates interaction or participation with others, and a root related to effort or hardship. Pakigbisog is used as struggle or effort; makigbisog works as to struggle or to fight.
Meaning and usage notes: Use pakigbisog for struggle in the sense of effort, resistance, cause, or personal/social battle. To say to struggle or to fight as an action, makigbisog fits better. If you mean a physical fight or quarrel, away is usually more direct.

actionbattlecausecombateffortfightresistancestruggleto fightto struggleverb

Example 1

Ang ilang pakigbisog alang sa hustisya dugay na.

Their struggle for justice has been going on for a long time.

Example 2

Kinahanglan ta nga makigbisog bisan lisod.

We need to struggle/fight even if it is difficult.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pagbag-o

Actions & States Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

transformation; change; renewalnoun

Alternative meanings: transformation; change; renewal; modification; reform; process of becoming different or new
Pronunciation: pahg-BAHG-oh
Root and affixes: From the root bag-o, new or recent. With pag- it forms pagbag-o, change, renewal, or transformation.
Variants or conjugations: bag-o; magbag-o; nagbag-o; kausaban; pag-usab; pagbalhin
Related words and expressions: new; change; transition; development; process
Meaning and usage notes: Pagbag-o is general for transformation or change. If the sense is transition or shifting from one state to another, pagbalhin can also fit.

transformation, change, renewal

Example 1

Dako ang pagbag-o sa iyang kinabuhi.

There was a big transformation in his or her life.

Example 2

Ang pagbag-o nagsugod sa gagmay nga lakang.

Transformation starts with small steps.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

pagkahuman

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Time & Calendar

English

afterwards; later; subsequentlyadverb / temporal connector

Alternative meanings: Indicates that something happens after something else or at a later moment.
Pronunciation: pag-kah-HOO-mahn
Root and affixes: Related to human, to finish or after finishing. Pagkahuman works as afterwards or subsequently.
Variants or conjugations: pagkahuman; unya; human; later
Related words and expressions: later; after; now; next; time
Meaning and usage notes: Pagkahuman is used for after something. Unya can also mean later/afterwards in everyday conversation.

adverbafterwardsconnectorlatersubsequentlytime

Example 1

Pagkahuman, miuli mi sa balay.

Afterwards, we went home.

Example 2

Magkita ta unya.

See you later.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Aparato

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Home & Objects Technology & Information Work & Professions

English

device / apparatusnoun

Alternative meanings: device
apparatus
equipment
instrument
machine
tool
utensil
gadget
Pronunciation: ah-pah-RAH-toh
Root and affixes: Aparato is a loanword from Spanish aparato. For tool or utensil, galamiton is also used; for modern device, device is heard; for equipment or a set of tools, kasangkapan may be used.
Variants or conjugations: aparato = device / apparatus / equipment
galamiton = tool / instrument / utensil
kasangkapan = apparatus / tool / equipment
device = device, modern loanword
instrumento = instrument
hiramenta = tool
kahimanan = apparatus or equipment, more formal or broad
Related words and expressions: gamit = use / to use
galamiton = tool / utensil
kasangkapan = equipment / apparatus
makina = machine
dispositivo = device
teknolohiya = technology
elektroniko = electronic
Meaning and usage notes: Use aparato for device or apparatus in a general sense. If you mean a hand tool, galamiton or hiramenta may sound better. If you mean modern technology, device is also understood.

apparatusdeviceequipmentinstrumentmachinetechnologytool

Example 1

Guba ang aparato sa balay.

The device at home is broken.

Example 2

Gigamit sa doktor ang bag-ong aparato.

The doctor used the new apparatus.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

katugbang

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

corresponding; equivalent; respectiveadjective / noun

Alternative meanings: Something that corresponds, matches, or is equivalent to another thing; something in a related or equivalent position.
Pronunciation: kah-TOOG-bahng
Root and affixes: Related to tugbang, equivalence or correspondence. Katugbang expresses something corresponding or equivalent.
Variants or conjugations: katugbang; appropriate; fitting; exact
Related words and expressions: same; appropriate; exact; part; relation
Meaning and usage notes: Katugbang fits when correspondiente means equivalent or corresponding to something. If it means appropriate, angay or haom may sound more natural.

adjectiveAppropriatecorrespondingequivalentrelationrespective

Example 1

Pilia ang katugbang nga tubag.

Choose the corresponding answer.

Example 2

Ihatag ang angay nga dokumento.

Submit the appropriate document.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Baybay

Nature & Weather Places & Geography Travel & Transportation

English

beach / shorenoun

Alternative meanings: beach; shore; seashore; seaside; coast; area by the sea or water
Pronunciation: BAY-bai
Root and affixes: Baybay is a Cebuano word for beach or shore. Baybayon is used more for coast, coastline, or coastal area. Kabaybayonan can refer to coasts or coastal areas.
Variants or conjugations: baybay; baybayon; kabaybayonan; daplin sa dagat; aplaya; lapyahan
Related words and expressions: baybayon = coast or coastline; dagat = sea; balas = sand; balod = wave; tubig = water; isla = island
Meaning and usage notes: Baybay is very natural for beach or shore. Baybayon can sound broader, like coast or coastline. Daplin sa dagat literally means edge of the sea. In some places, aplaya or lapyahan may also be heard.

beachsandseaseashoreshoretourist place

Example 1

Mangadto ta sa baybay ugma.

Let us go to the beach tomorrow.

Example 2

Nindot kaayo ang baybay sa Bantayan.

The beach in Bantayan is very beautiful.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Mawala

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to disappear; to get lost; to loseverb

Pronunciation: mah-WAH-lah
Root and affixes: Root: wala, related to absence, none, or loss. “Mawala” can mean to disappear, get lost, or lose something depending on the sentence.
Meaning and usage notes: “Mawala” works well for disappearing or getting lost. If talking about losing a match or competition, “pildi” is more direct. If losing something you have, “mawad-an” is often used.

absenceactionbe withoutdisappearget lostlosevanishverb

Example 1

Nawala ang akong libro.

My book disappeared / got lost.

Example 2

Ayaw pagpalayo kay basin mawala ka.

Do not go too far because you might get lost.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

May animu

Body & Health Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

conscious; aware; aware of somethingadjective / expression

Alternative meanings: conscious; aware; mentally awake; having consciousness; aware of something depending on context
Pronunciation: my AH-nee-moo
Root and affixes: Animu means consciousness or awareness. May animu literally indicates that someone has consciousness or is conscious.
Variants or conjugations: animu; may himungaya; nahibalo; nasayod; mahunahunaon
Related words and expressions: mind; knowledge; awareness; awake; body
Meaning and usage notes: May animu works for conscious in the sense of not being unconscious. For aware of something, use nahibalo or nasayod. For conscientious or thoughtful, mahunahunaon can be used.

conscious, awareness, knowledge

Example 1

May animu pa siya sa dihang gidala sa ospital.

He or she was still conscious when taken to the hospital.

Example 2

Nahibalo siya sa iyang gibuhat.

He or she is aware of what was done.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Panahon

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Nature & Weather Time & Calendar

English

weather / climate / timenoun

Alternative meanings: weather
climate
time
season
period
occasion
atmospheric condition
state of the weather
Pronunciation: pah-NAH-hon
Root and affixes: Panahon is a broad word that can mean weather, climate, time, season, or period. Context decides whether it refers to weather or to time as duration.
Variants or conjugations: panahon = weather / climate / time / season
maayong panahon = good weather
daotang panahon = bad weather
ting-ulan = rainy season
ting-init = dry or hot season
klima = climate, modern loanword
weather = weather, modern loanword in informal contexts
Related words and expressions: ulan = rain
init = heat / hot
tugnaw = cold
hangin = wind
bagyo = storm / typhoon
adlaw = sun / day
temperatura = temperature
Meaning and usage notes: Use panahon for weather or climate in daily conversation. It also means time, so context matters: nindot ang panahon talks about weather; wala koy panahon means I do not have time.

climateheatnaturerainseasontimeweather

Example 1

Nindot ang panahon karong buntag.

The weather is nice this morning.

Example 2

Daotan ang panahon tungod sa bagyo.

The weather is bad because of the storm.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ulan

Basic Vocabulary Time & Calendar Travel & Transportation

English

rain; to rainnoun / verb

Pronunciation: OO-lahn
Root and affixes: Base form: ulan. As a noun it means rain; as a verb it can express to rain. Related to ting-ulan, rainy season.
Meaning and usage notes: Use ulan for rain or to rain. For rainy season, use ting-ulan. For heavy rain, you can say kusog nga ulan; for drizzle, ulan-ulan or taligsik may be used depending on place/context.

climatenaturerainrainfallrainy seasonskywaterweather

Example 1

Kusog kaayo ang ulan karon.

The rain is very strong now.

Example 2

Magdala ko og payong kay basin muulan.

I will bring an umbrella because it might rain.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pangulohan

Actions & States Society & Community Work & Professions

English

to lead / to headverb

Alternative meanings: to lead; to head; to preside over; to be in charge of; to direct; to be the head of a group
Pronunciation: pah-ngoo-LOH-hahn
Root and affixes: It comes from ulo, head, and pangulo, leader or president. Pangulohan expresses the action of heading, presiding over, or leading something. Kapangulohan names leadership or presidency depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: pangulohan; mangulo; nangulo; pangulo; kapangulohan; ulohan; magdumala
Related words and expressions: ulo = head; pangulo = leader or president; kapangulohan = leadership or presidency; liderato = leadership; magdumala = manage or direct; grupo = group
Meaning and usage notes: Pangulohan fits well for heading a group, meeting, project, or activity. To head a list or be first, naa sa una or nanguna may be used. For a text heading or title, ulohan or titulo may be more appropriate.

be in chargedirectheadleadleadershippreside

Example 1

Siya ang mopangulohan sa bag-ong proyekto.

They will lead the new project.

Example 2

Gipangulohan sa maestro ang miting.

The teacher presided over the meeting.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Koreyo

Home & Objects Society & Community Technology & Information

English

mail; postal service; emailnoun

Alternative meanings: mail; postal service; correspondence; letters sent; email depending on context
Pronunciation: koh-REH-yoh
Root and affixes: Loanword from Spanish correo, adapted as koreyo or koryo. For a written message, it also relates to sulat, letter or writing.
Variants or conjugations: koryo; mail; email; e-mail; sulat; electronic mail
Related words and expressions: letter; message; internet; post office; address
Meaning and usage notes: Koreyo is used for postal mail or the postal service. If talking specifically about email, modern usage often uses email directly.

mail, email, postal service

Example 1

Nagpadala siya og sulat pinaagi sa koreyo.

He or she sent a letter by mail.

Example 2

Ipadala nako ang dokumento sa email.

I will send the document by email.

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