Qualities & Descriptions – Page 7

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Delikado

English

dangerous / riskyadjective / adverb

Alternative meanings: dangerous
risky
delicate
critical
unsafe
fragile
likely to cause harm
involving danger
Pronunciation: deh-lee-KAH-doh
Root and affixes: Delikado comes from Spanish delicado. In modern Cebuano it is widely used for dangerous, risky, critical, or delicate, depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: delikado = dangerous / risky / delicate
delikado nga = dangerous as a modifier before a noun
mas delikado = more dangerous
pinakadelikado = most dangerous
delikado kaayo = very dangerous
madilikado = to become dangerous, possible variant
peligroso = dangerous, less common direct loanword
peligro = danger / risk
Related words and expressions: peligro = danger / risk
kuyaw = scary / dreadful / dangerous
makuyaw = risky / frightening
risgo = risk
aksidente = accident
samad = injury / wound
seguridad = safety / security
Meaning and usage notes: Use delikado to say something is dangerous, risky, or critical. Use peligro if you mean danger as a noun. Kuyaw can sound more emotional, like something scary or dangerous-looking.

accidentcriticaldangerdangerousdelicateriskyunsafe

Example 1

Delikado ang dalan kung kusog ang ulan.

The road is dangerous when it rains hard.

Example 2

Ayaw hilabti kana, delikado na.

Do not touch that, it is dangerous.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Barayti

Basic Vocabulary Food & Drink Ideas & Abstract Concepts Numbers & Quantities Qualities & Descriptions

English

varietynoun

Alternative meanings: variety
type
kind
option
variant
diversity
assortment
set of different things
Pronunciation: bah-RAY-tee
Root and affixes: Barayti is a loanword from English variety. To say various or diverse more naturally, use lain-lain; for difference or diversity, kalainan can be used.
Variants or conjugations: barayti = variety / type / kind
lain-lain = various / diverse / different
kalain-lain = diversity / variety / difference, depending on context
kalainan = difference / contrast
matang = type / kind / species
klase = class / type
sari-sari = assorted / varied
Related words and expressions: lain = different / another
lain-lain = various / diverse
matang = type / kind
klase = class
pilianan = options
diversidad = diversity
sagol = mixture
Meaning and usage notes: Use barayti when you mean variety as a category, type, or assortment. Use lain-lain when you mean various or different. Use matang or klase if the main idea is type or kind.

assortmentdifferentdiversitykindoptionstypevariety

Example 1

Daghan og barayti sa prutas sa merkado.

There is a wide variety of fruits in the market.

Example 2

Lain-lain ang ilang gipili nga pagkaon.

They chose different kinds of food.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Inisyal

Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Qualities & Descriptions Time & Calendar

English

initialadjective / noun

Pronunciation: ee-nees-YAHL
Root and affixes: Adapted loanword from initial/inicial. Inisyal is used for something at the beginning or for the initial letters of a name.
Meaning and usage notes: Use inisyal when you mean initial as an adjective or an initial letter. For “beginning” as the start of something, sinugdanan is usually better. For “principal” or “primary,” panguna may sound more natural.

basicbeginningearlyfirstinitialinitial letterstagestart

Example 1

Unsa ang imong inisyal?

What is your initial?

Example 2

Sa inisyal nga yugto, simple pa ang proseso.

In the initial stage, the process is still simple.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Sa gawas

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

external; outside; exterioradjective / adverb / place phrase

Alternative meanings: external; exterior; outside; from outside; located on or related to the outside part; outside a system or group
Pronunciation: sah GAH-wahs
Root and affixes: Formed with sa, a location or relation marker, and gawas, outside, exterior, or to go out. As an adjective, it often works inside a phrase: butang sa gawas, problema sa gawas, tawo sa gawas.
Variants or conjugations: sa gawas; gawas; gawasnon; panggawas; gikan sa gawas; gawas nga
Related words and expressions: gawas = outside or exterior; sulod = inside or interior; gawasnon = free or external depending on context; panggawas = for outside or exterior; langyaw = foreign
Meaning and usage notes: For external in a general sense, sa gawas is clear and natural. In technical contexts, external may be used as a loanword, but sa gawas sounds more common. If external means foreign or international, langyaw may fit depending on the sentence.

exteriorexternallocationouteroutsideoutside of

Example 1

Ang pultahan sa gawas bukas.

The outside door is open.

Example 2

Kinahanglan nato og tabang gikan sa gawas.

We need external help.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Batan-on

People & Relationships Qualities & Descriptions Society & Community

English

juvenile; young; youthfuladjective / noun

Alternative meanings: juvenile; young; youthful; related to youth; young person; fresh or youthfully energetic
Pronunciation: bah-tahn-ON
Root and affixes: From bata, child or young person, with the suffix -n-on forming batan-on, young or youthful.
Variants or conjugations: batan-ong; kabatan-onan; bata; mas batan-on; pinakabatan-on
Related words and expressions: child; youth; age; generation; student
Meaning and usage notes: Batan-on is an adjective for young or youthful. Before a noun it usually takes a linker: batan-ong grupo, youth group. Kabatan-onan means youth or young people collectively.

juvenile, young, youthful

Example 1

Batan-ong grupo ang miapil sa programa.

A youth group joined the program.

Example 2

Batan-on pa siya apan responsable.

He or she is still young but responsible.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

esensyal

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

essential; fundamental; necessaryadjective

Alternative meanings: Very important, basic, or necessary for something.
Pronunciation: eh-SEN-shal
Root and affixes: Borrowed/adapted from esencial/essential. It can also be expressed with importante, mahinungdanon, or gikinahanglan depending on context.
Variants or conjugations: essential; important; significant; necessary
Related words and expressions: important; need; foundation; basis; main
Meaning and usage notes: Esensyal works well in modern, technical, or educational contexts. Mahinungdanon sounds more native for important/significant; gikinahanglan for necessary.

adjectivebasicessentialfundamentalimportantnecessary

Example 1

Esensyal ang tubig sa kinabuhi.

Water is essential for life.

Example 2

Gikinahanglan ang disiplina sa pagtuon.

Discipline is necessary for studying.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Panghunahuna

Basic Vocabulary Body & Health Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

mental / of the mindadjective / noun

Alternative meanings: mental
of the mind
related to thought
intellectual
psychological
cognitive
idea or thought
mental state
Pronunciation: pang-hoo-nah-HOO-nah
Root and affixes: Panghunahuna comes from hunahuna, mind or thought. The prefix pang- indicates relation or use: something related to the mind or thinking.
Variants or conjugations: panghunahuna = mental / of the mind / related to thinking
hunahuna = mind / thought / idea
paghunahuna = thought / act of thinking
naghunahuna = thinking / mentally mindful
hunahunaon = to ponder / think deeply
mental = mental, modern loanword
mental nga kahimsog = mental health
Related words and expressions: hunahuna = mind / thought
paghunahuna = thinking / thought
salabotan = intelligence / understanding
pagsabot = comprehension
emosyon = emotion
kahimsog = health
utok = brain
Meaning and usage notes: Use panghunahuna for mental or related to the mind. In health, education, or modern psychology, mental is also understood as a loanword, especially in mental nga kahimsog.

cognitiveideamentalmental healthmindpsychologicalthought

Example 1

Importante ang mental nga kahimsog.

Mental health is important.

Example 2

Nagkinahanglan kini og kusog nga panghunahuna.

This requires mental strength.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kahilom

Body & Health Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

silence; quietness; stillnessnoun

Alternative meanings: silence; absence of sound; quietness; calmness; serenity; state of being quiet
Pronunciation: kah-HEE-lohm
Root and affixes: From hilom, silent, quiet, or secret, with ka- forming kahilom, silence or a state of quietness.
Variants or conjugations: hilom; paghilom; mahilom; sa hilom; mingaw
Related words and expressions: sound; calm; quiet; rest; peaceful
Meaning and usage notes: Kahilom is the noun silence. Hilom can work as an adjective or verb: silent, quiet, to keep silent, or to be quiet.

silence, quietness, calm

Example 1

Nindot ang kahilom sa buntag.

The silence of the morning is beautiful.

Example 2

Mihilom ang tanan pagkahuman sa balita.

Everyone fell silent after the news.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Salig

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships Qualities & Descriptions Society & Community

English

to trust / to relyverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to trust
to rely
to depend
to believe in someone
to have confidence
to entrust
to count on someone
trust / confidence
Pronunciation: SAH-lig
Root and affixes: Salig is the root for trusting, relying, or having confidence. Pagsalig names trust or confidence; pasalig expresses assuring, guaranteeing, or reassuring.
Variants or conjugations: salig = to trust / rely / depend
mosalig = will trust / will rely
nagsalig = is trusting / was relying
nisalig = trusted / relied
gisaligan = was trusted / was relied on / trusted person
saligan = someone or something trusted
pagsalig = trust / confidence / faith
pasalig = guarantee / reassure / assure
kasaligan = reliable / trustworthy
Related words and expressions: pagsalig = trust / confidence / faith
pasalig = guarantee / commitment
kasaligan = trustworthy
tuo = believe
pagtuo = belief / faith
kompromiso = commitment
responsibilidad = responsibility
Meaning and usage notes: Use salig for trusting someone or relying on something. For trust as a noun, pagsalig is very common. To say trustworthy, use kasaligan.

believeconfidencedependrelationshipsrelytrusttrustworthy

Example 1

Mosalig ko nimo.

I will trust you.

Example 2

Dako akong pagsalig sa imong abilidad.

I have great confidence in your ability.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ubos

Connectors & Function Words Places & Geography Qualities & Descriptions

English

below; under; beneathadverb / preposition

Alternative meanings: below; under; beneath; underneath; lower; in a low position
Pronunciation: OO-bohs
Root and affixes: Root ubos, low or below. It can function as an adverb of place, adjective, or part of phrases like sa ubos, below or down.
Variants or conjugations: sa ubos; ilalom; ilawom; ilaum; ubos sa
Related words and expressions: above; top; place; position; underneath
Meaning and usage notes: Ubos is general for below, down, or under. To say underneath something more spatially, ilalom or ilawom is also used, as in ilalom sa lamesa, under the table.

below, under, beneath

Example 1

Ibutang ang papel ubos sa libro.

Put the paper under the book.

Example 2

Naa siya sa ubos sa balay.

He or she is under the house.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pagbag-o

Actions & States Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

transformation; change; renewalnoun

Alternative meanings: transformation; change; renewal; modification; reform; process of becoming different or new
Pronunciation: pahg-BAHG-oh
Root and affixes: From the root bag-o, new or recent. With pag- it forms pagbag-o, change, renewal, or transformation.
Variants or conjugations: bag-o; magbag-o; nagbag-o; kausaban; pag-usab; pagbalhin
Related words and expressions: new; change; transition; development; process
Meaning and usage notes: Pagbag-o is general for transformation or change. If the sense is transition or shifting from one state to another, pagbalhin can also fit.

transformation, change, renewal

Example 1

Dako ang pagbag-o sa iyang kinabuhi.

There was a big transformation in his or her life.

Example 2

Ang pagbag-o nagsugod sa gagmay nga lakang.

Transformation starts with small steps.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

katugbang

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

corresponding; equivalent; respectiveadjective / noun

Alternative meanings: Something that corresponds, matches, or is equivalent to another thing; something in a related or equivalent position.
Pronunciation: kah-TOOG-bahng
Root and affixes: Related to tugbang, equivalence or correspondence. Katugbang expresses something corresponding or equivalent.
Variants or conjugations: katugbang; appropriate; fitting; exact
Related words and expressions: same; appropriate; exact; part; relation
Meaning and usage notes: Katugbang fits when correspondiente means equivalent or corresponding to something. If it means appropriate, angay or haom may sound more natural.

adjectiveAppropriatecorrespondingequivalentrelationrespective

Example 1

Pilia ang katugbang nga tubag.

Choose the corresponding answer.

Example 2

Ihatag ang angay nga dokumento.

Submit the appropriate document.

Found an error?