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Bisaya · Cebuano

Vocabulary

Learn Bisaya words with meanings, pronunciation, variants, notes, and examples.

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Igo

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English

enough; fit; sufficeadjective / verb / adverb depending on context

Pronunciation

EE-goh

Root and affixes

Base form: igo. As an adjective or adverb it expresses sufficiency; as a verb it can mean to fit, reach, or be enough. Common forms: maigo or muigo = fit/be enough; igo ra = just enough.

Meaning and usage notes

Use igo when something is enough or sufficient. For physically fitting into a space, maigo or muigo often sounds natural: Dili mi maigo sa sakyanan = We do not fit in the car. For “fit” as match or be suitable, sibo or angay may be better.

enoughfitfit intoquantitysizespacesufficesufficient
Example 1

Dili tang tanan maigo sa sakyanan.

We will not all fit in the car.

Example 2

Igo ra ang kwarta para sa pagkaon.

The money is just enough for the food.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Banikanhon

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English

rural; pastoral; countryside-relatedadjective

Pronunciation

bah-nee-KAHN-hon

Root and affixes

From banika, related to dry field, rural region, or cultivated land. Banikanhon describes something rural, country-like, or pastoral.

Meaning and usage notes

Use banikanhon for rural or countryside-related. If you mean “from the countryside” more casually, phrases with sa bukid, sa uma, or sa probinsya may sound more natural depending on context.

agriculturecountrycountrysidepastoralprovinceruralrural arearural life
Example 1

Banikanhon ang kinabuhi sa ilang lugar.

Life in their place is rural.

Example 2

Ganahan siya sa banikanhong palibot.

He or she likes the rural surroundings.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pulis

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English

police; police-related; police officernoun / adjective depending on context

Pronunciation

POO-lis

Root and affixes

Loanword from police/policía. Common form: pulis. Related: kapulisan = police/police force; estasyon sa pulis = police station. For “police-related,” Cebuano often uses sa pulis or a phrase meaning related to the police.

Meaning and usage notes

Pulis can mean a police officer or the police as an institution. For “police-related” as an adjective, it is often expressed with a phrase: estasyon sa pulis = police station, imbestigasyon sa pulis = police investigation. Kapulisan works better for the police force collectively.

authoritycopgovernmentlawofficerpolicepolice forcepolice officerpolice-relatedsecurity
Example 1

Tawag ug pulis.

Call the police.

Example 2

Nagsugod ang imbestigasyon sa pulis.

The police investigation began.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

May kalabutan

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English

related / related toadjective and phrase

Alternative meanings

related; related to; connected; linked; relevant; having a relation or bearing

Pronunciation

mai kah-lah-BOO-tahn

Root and affixes

The base is kalabutan, relation, relevance, or connection. May kalabutan literally expresses that something has a relation. Nalangkit can also mean linked or involved, especially when someone or something is connected to an issue.

Variants or conjugations

may kalabutan; adunay kalabutan; kalabutan; nalangkit; may labot; konektado

Related words and expressions

kalabutan = relation or relevance; labot = inclusion or involvement; nalangkit = linked or involved; koneksyon = connection; relasyon = relation; bahin = part or about

Meaning and usage notes

May kalabutan is very useful for saying related to a topic or situation. To mean a relative or someone related by blood, use paryente or kaliwat. For involved in a problem, nalangkit may be more precise.

bearingconnectedlinkedrelatedrelated torelevant
Example 1

May kalabutan kini sa atong proyekto.

This is related to our project.

Example 2

Ang pangutana may kalabutan sa imong trabaho.

The question is related to your work.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Hagit

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English

challenge / darenoun and verb

Alternative meanings

challenge; dare; difficult test; invitation to compete; provocation; to challenge or dare

Pronunciation

HAH-git

Root and affixes

Hagit can work as a noun, challenge or dare, and as a verb, to challenge or dare. Mahagiton means challenging, defiant, or provocative. Gihagit indicates that someone was challenged or dared.

Variants or conjugations

hagit; gihagit; mohagit; manghagit; hagiton; mahagiton; paghagit

Related words and expressions

sulay = test or try; kalisod = difficulty; kompetisyon = competition; kaisog = courage; kusog = strength; tumong = goal

Meaning and usage notes

Hagit can be positive, like a motivating challenge, or stronger, like a dare or provocation. For a personal or motivational challenge, hagit fits well. For an academic test or exam, sulay may be more natural.

challengecompetitiondaremotivationprovocationtest
Example 1

Dako nga hagit ang pagkat-on og bag-ong pinulongan.

Learning a new language is a big challenge.

Example 2

Gihagit niya ko nga modagan og lima ka kilometro.

They challenged me to run five kilometers.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Porsentahe

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English

percentagenoun

Pronunciation

por-sen-TAH-heh

Root and affixes

Borrowed from Spanish porcentaje, adapted as porsentahe. Porsiyento or porsyento is also used for percent or per cent.

Meaning and usage notes

Use porsentahe for percentage as a general noun. Use porsiyento/porsyento when you mean percent or a value with the % symbol. For interest rate or fee, tasa may be more natural.

economynumberpercentpercentageproportionquantityratestatistics
Example 1

Pila ang porsentahe sa diskwento?

What is the discount percentage?

Example 2

Misaka ang porsentahe sa mga estudyanteng nakapasar.

The percentage of students who passed increased.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Impluwensya

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English

influencenoun

Pronunciation

im-ploo-WEN-syah

Root and affixes

Adapted loanword from influencia/influence. From impluwensya comes impluwensyado, meaning influenced or affected by something.

Meaning and usage notes

Use impluwensya for influence as an effect, weight, or power over someone or something. If you mean formal authority or power, gahum may sound stronger or more exact.

authorityeffectimpactinfluenceopinionpoliticspowersociety
Example 1

Dako ang iyang impluwensya sa komunidad.

His or her influence in the community is strong.

Example 2

Ang pamilya adunay impluwensya sa iyang desisyon.

The family has influence on his or her decision.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kasagaran

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English

normal; usual; common; usuallyadjective / adverb

Alternative meanings

normal; usual; common; regular; generally; normally; most

Pronunciation

kah-sah-GAH-rahn

Root and affixes

From the root sagad, common or usual, with ka- -an forming kasagaran, what is common, usual, or normal.

Variants or conjugations

sagad; sa kasagaran; kasarangan; ordinaryo; normal

Related words and expressions

customary; often; usual; common; regular

Meaning and usage notes

Kasagaran is useful for normal in the sense of usual or common. For medical or technical normal, the loanword normal may also appear depending on context.

normal, usual, common
Example 1

Kasagaran ra na nga kahimtang.

That is a normal situation.

Example 2

Sa kasagaran, sayo siya moabot.

Usually, he or she arrives early.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tahod

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English

to respect / to revereverb

Alternative meanings

to respect; to revere; to show respect; to honor; to value; to treat with consideration

Pronunciation

TAH-hod

Root and affixes

Tahod is the verbal root for to respect or to revere. Pagtahod is the noun respect. Gitahod means respected, tinahod can also mean respected, and matinahuron means respectful or courteous.

Variants or conjugations

tahod; pagtahod; gitahod; tinahod; matinahuron; respeto; respetar

Related words and expressions

pagtahod = respect; respeto = respect; matinahuron = respectful; tinahod = respected; walay tahod = disrespectful; batasan = manners or behavior

Meaning and usage notes

Tahod works as a verb for respecting or showing reverence. For the noun respect, use pagtahod. Respeto and respetar are also understood as loanwords, but tahod and pagtahod sound more native in Cebuano.

considerationhonorrespectrespectfulrevereshow respect
Example 1

Kinahanglan nato tahoron ang atong mga ginikanan.

We should respect our parents.

Example 2

Tahora ang ilang kultura ug batasan.

Respect their culture and customs.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pagpamugos

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English

insist; insistence; pressureverb / noun

Alternative meanings

insist; insistence; pressure; demand persistently; stand firm

Pronunciation

pahg-pah-MOO-gohs

Root and affixes

From the root pugos, to force or compel. Pamugos is insistence or pressure; pagpamugos expresses the act of insisting.

Variants or conjugations

pamugos; pugos; namugos; mapugsanon; padayon

Related words and expressions

request; asking; continue; decision; force

Meaning and usage notes

Pagpamugos can sound stronger because it can imply pressure or force. For insisting in the positive sense of persisting or continuing, padayon or magpadayon can sound softer.

insist, insistence, pressure
Example 1

Ayaw pag-pamugos kung dili siya gusto.

Do not insist if he or she does not want to.

Example 2

Nagpamugos siya nga motabang.

He or she insisted on helping.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Distribusyon

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English

distributionnoun

Pronunciation

dis-tree-boo-SYON

Root and affixes

Adapted loanword from distribución/distribution. For the more natural action of handing out or distributing, apod-apod is also used; as an action noun, pag-apod-apod.

Meaning and usage notes

Use distribusyon for general, technical, logistics, or statistical distribution. Use pag-apod-apod when emphasizing the act of handing something out among people or places.

businessdatadistributedistributionlogisticsorganizationsharingstatistics
Example 1

Importante ang distribusyon sa pagkaon human sa bagyo.

The distribution of food is important after the typhoon.

Example 2

Giunsa ang pag-apod-apod sa mga libro?

How was the distribution of the books done?

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Lamang

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English

only / justadverb and particle

Alternative meanings

only; just; solely; merely; nothing more; exclusively

Pronunciation

LAH-mahng

Root and affixes

Lamang is a limiting word. In everyday speech it is often shortened to lang, and ra is also widely used with the meaning of only or nothing more. It usually follows the word or phrase it limits.

Variants or conjugations

lamang; lang; ra; lamang ra; usa ra; dili lamang

Related words and expressions

ra = only or just; lang = only or just; usa = one; dili lamang = not only; kundili = but also; igo lang = just enough

Meaning and usage notes

Lamang sounds more formal or emphatic than lang. Lang is very common in daily conversation. Ra is a very frequent native particle. Avoid combining lang and ra unnecessarily because it can sound redundant.

function wordjustmerelynothing moreonlysolely
Example 1

Usa lamang ka tiket ang nahibilin.

Only one ticket is left.

Example 2

Ikaw ra ang akong gihulat.

You are the only one I am waiting for.

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