Vocabulario – Page 45

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Buak

Actions & States Home & Objects

English

break; crack; brokenverb / adjective

Alternative meanings: break; crack; split; broken; cracked
Pronunciation: BOO-ahk
Root and affixes: Root buak, broken or cracked. Related forms: buk-an, to break; buak-buakon, to break up or separate.
Variants or conjugations: buk-an; nabuak; buak-buakon; guba
Related words and expressions: damage; snap; piece; wound; object
Meaning and usage notes: Buak is best when something breaks, cracks, or splits. Guba is more often used for damaging, destroying, or making something unusable.

break, crack, broken

Example 1

Nabuak ang baso.

The glass broke.

Example 2

Ayaw buk-a ang plato.

Do not break the plate.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Korapsiyon

English

corruptionnoun

Pronunciation: koh-rap-SEE-yohn
Root and affixes: Adapted loanword from corruption/corrupción. In Cebuano it appears as korapsiyon, korapsyon, or kurapsiyun, especially in political and social contexts.
Meaning and usage notes: Use korapsiyon for political or institutional corruption. Kadunot can express corruption as decay, rottenness, or lack of integrity. For a specific bribe, hukip or suburno is more direct.

abuse of powerauthoritybriberycorruptioncrimedishonestygovernmentpolitics

Example 1

Daghan ang nasuko tungod sa korapsiyon sa gobyerno.

Many people were angry because of corruption in the government.

Example 2

Kinahanglan nga pugngan ang korapsiyon.

It is necessary to stop corruption.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pagkaayo

Actions & States Body & Health Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

recovery / healingnoun

Alternative meanings: recovery; healing; improvement; return to health; getting better; restoration of well-being
Pronunciation: pag-kah-AH-yoh
Root and affixes: It comes from ayo or maayo, related to being well, improving, or healing. Pagkaayo names recovery or improvement. To recover something lost, money, data, or losses, bawi or pagbawi is usually more precise.
Variants or conjugations: pagkaayo; pag-ayo; kaayohan; maayo na; pagbawi; bawi; pagpasig-uli
Related words and expressions: maayo = good or well; pag-ayo = repair or healing; bawi = to recover or regain; pagbawi = recovery of something lost; sakit = illness; panglawas = health
Meaning and usage notes: Pagkaayo fits best for health recovery or personal improvement. For recovery of money, losses, objects, or data, pagbawi can be more precise. For restoration or returning to a former state, pagpasig-uli can also work.

healinghealthimprovementrecoveryregainrestoration

Example 1

Hinay-hinay ang iyang pagkaayo human sa operasyon.

The recovery was slow after the operation.

Example 2

Nagkinahanglan siya og pahulay para sa iyang pagkaayo.

They need rest for recovery.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Dugo

Body & Health People & Relationships

English

bloodnoun

Alternative meanings: blood; bodily fluid; bloodline or family blood depending on context
Pronunciation: DOO-goh
Root and affixes: Root dugo, blood. It appears in related words such as dugoan, bloody, or dug-on, to menstruate.
Variants or conjugations: dugô; apol; dugoan; dug-on
Related words and expressions: body; wound; heart; health; family
Meaning and usage notes: Dugo is the common word for blood. It can also appear in expressions about kinship or lineage, similar to family blood.

blood, body, health

Example 1

Naay dugo sa iyang kamot.

There is blood on his or her hand.

Example 2

Ang dugo importante sa lawas.

Blood is important for the body.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Konsumidor

Economy & Business People & Relationships Society & Community

English

consumernoun

Alternative meanings: consumer; person who consumes; buyer; user of goods or services; customer in a consumption context
Pronunciation: kon-soo-mee-DOR
Root and affixes: Konsumidor is a loanword related to konsumo, consumption, and konsumohon, to consume. It is also related to pumapalit or mamalitay when emphasizing the act of buying.
Variants or conjugations: konsumidor; consumer; konsyumer; pumapalit; mamalitay; kustomer; suki
Related words and expressions: konsumo = consumption; konsumohon = to consume; palit = to buy; pumapalit = buyer; kustomer = customer; suki = regular customer; produkto = product
Meaning and usage notes: Konsumidor is useful in economics, commerce, consumer rights, and the use of products or services. If you mean regular customer, suki may sound more natural. If you want to emphasize buyer, pumapalit or mamalitay may fit better.

buyerconsumerconsumptioncustomerproductuser

Example 1

Ang konsumidor adunay katungod sa husto nga impormasyon.

The consumer has the right to correct information.

Example 2

Nagtaas ang presyo ug naapektuhan ang mga konsumidor.

Prices increased and consumers were affected.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pangulo

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Home & Objects People & Relationships Society & Community

English

leader; chief; head; head of statenoun

Pronunciation: pah-NGOO-loh
Root and affixes: From ulo, meaning head. Pangulo relates to the person who heads, directs, or leads. In politics, it can refer to a main leader, president, or head of state depending on context.
Meaning and usage notes: Use pangulo for a leader, chief, or head of a group. For a political head of state, it can work when the context is a government or country. If you mean president exactly, presidente is also common. For a police or military chief, hepe may be more specific.

authoritychiefgovernmentheadhead of stateleaderofficepoliticspresident

Example 1

Ang pangulo sa nasod misulti sa publiko.

The leader of the country spoke to the public.

Example 2

Siya ang pangulo sa grupo.

He/She is the leader of the group.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Pagtahod

Basic Vocabulary People & Relationships Society & Community

English

respect / honornoun

Alternative meanings: respect; regard; courtesy; honor; reverence; esteem toward someone or something
Pronunciation: pag-TAH-hod
Root and affixes: It comes from tahod, to respect or revere. Pagtahod names respect as an attitude or action. Respeto also exists as a loanword, and matinahuron means respectful or courteous.
Variants or conjugations: pagtahod; tahod; respeto; pagrespeto; matinahuron; tinahod; walay tahod
Related words and expressions: tahod = to respect; respeto = respect; matinahuron = respectful; tinahod = respected; walay respeto = disrespectful; batasan = behavior or manners
Meaning and usage notes: Pagtahod is very natural for respect as a noun. Respeto is also understood, but pagtahod sounds more native in Cebuano. To say respectful, use matinahuron; for lack of respect, use walay tahod or walay respeto.

courtesyhonorregardrespectrespectfulreverence

Example 1

Importante ang pagtahod sa pamilya ug sa isigkatawo.

Respect for family and other people is important.

Example 2

Ipakita nato ang pagtahod sa ilang kultura.

Let us show respect for their culture.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Daghan

Basic Vocabulary Numbers & Quantities Qualities & Descriptions

English

multiple; numerous; manyadjective / quantifier

Pronunciation: DAHG-hahn
Root and affixes: Root: daghan. From this root come forms such as gidaghanon, quantity, kadaghanan, majority, daghanan, plural, and nidaghan, increased or became more numerous.
Meaning and usage notes: Use daghan when “multiple” means many, several, or numerous. If you mean “various” or “of different kinds,” lain-lain may be more exact. In math or technical contexts, the loanword multiple may also appear.

abundantlarge amountmanymuchmultiplenumerousplentyseveral

Example 1

Daghan ang tawo sa merkado.

There are many people at the market.

Example 2

Adunay daghang rason nganong importante kini.

There are multiple reasons why this is important.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Representasyon

Art, Culture & Entertainment Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

representationnoun

Alternative meanings: representation; act of representing; image or symbol; political representation; legal representation; presentation or depiction
Pronunciation: reh-preh-sen-tah-SYON
Root and affixes: Representasyon is a loanword related to representar, to represent, and representante, representative. It can also be expressed with pagrepresentar for the act of representing and paghulagway when talking about description or visual representation.
Variants or conjugations: representasyon; pagrepresentar; representar; representante; paghulagway; presentasyon
Related words and expressions: representar = to represent; representante = representative; hulagway = image; simbolo = symbol; presentasyon = presentation; tinugyanan = delegate or representative
Meaning and usage notes: Representasyon is useful in formal, political, legal, artistic, or conceptual contexts. For a visual image or description, paghulagway may sound more natural. For a public presentation, presentasyon may be more direct.

imagepresentationrepresentrepresentationrepresentativesymbol

Example 1

Importante ang representasyon sa mga komunidad sa gobyerno.

Representation of communities in government is important.

Example 2

Ang hulagway usa ka representasyon sa ilang kultura.

The image is a representation of their culture.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Restawran

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Food & Drink Nature & Weather

English

restaurantnoun

Pronunciation: res-TAW-rahn
Root and affixes: Adapted loanword from restaurant/restaurante. In Cebuano, restawran is used, and restoran is also seen as a modern variant.
Meaning and usage notes: Use restawran for restaurant in general. Kan-anan can also mean eating place or dining place, and karenderiya often refers to a simpler local eatery.

businesscustomereatfoodkitchenmenuplacerestaurant

Example 1

Asa ang labing duol nga restawran?

Where is the nearest restaurant?

Example 2

Nangaon mi sa bag-ong restawran.

We ate at the new restaurant.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Siyudadnon

Places & Geography Qualities & Descriptions Society & Community

English

urban; city-relatedadjective

Alternative meanings: urban; city-related; related to the city; characteristic of city life
Pronunciation: see-yoo-DAHD-non
Root and affixes: From siyudad, city, with the suffix -non, which can indicate origin, relation, or characteristic: siyudadnon, urban or city-related.
Variants or conjugations: syudadnon; siyudad; syudad; dakbayanon
Related words and expressions: city; urban area; town; place; community
Meaning and usage notes: Siyudadnon describes something or someone related to the city. For the noun city, use siyudad or dakbayan.

urban, city, places

Example 1

Siyudadnon ang estilo sa iyang kinabuhi.

His or her lifestyle is urban.

Example 2

Daghan ang siyudadnon nga lugar dinhi.

There are many urban places here.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Baybayon

Nature & Weather Places & Geography Travel & Transportation

English

coast / coastlinenoun

Alternative meanings: coast; coastline; seashore; shoreline; coastal area; beach area
Pronunciation: bai-BAH-yohn
Root and affixes: Baybayon comes from baybay, meaning beach, shore, coast, or seashore, with the suffix -on. Baybayon emphasizes the coastal area or coastline.
Variants or conjugations: baybayon; baybay; daplin sa dagat; aplaya; kabaybayonan
Related words and expressions: dagat = sea; baybay = beach or shore; daplin = edge or side; balod = wave; balas = sand; isla = island
Meaning and usage notes: Baybayon is a good option for coast or coastline. Baybay can sound more everyday for beach or shore. Daplin sa dagat literally means edge of the sea and can also refer to the coast or shore.

beachcoastcoastal areacoastlineseashoreshoreline

Example 1

Nindot kaayo ang baybayon sa among probinsya.

The coast of our province is very beautiful.

Example 2

Naglakaw kami sa baybayon pagkahapon.

We walked along the coast yesterday afternoon.

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