Vocabulario – Page 37

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Away

English

fight; combat; battleverb / noun

Alternative meanings: fight; combat; battle; struggle; quarrel; dispute; confrontation
Pronunciation: AH-wy
Root and affixes: Root away, fight or to fight. Common forms: mag-away, to fight; nakig-away, fought or engaged in combat with someone; panag-away, fighting or combat.
Variants or conjugations: pakig-away; mag-away; nakig-away; panag-away; gubat; pakigbatok; pakigbisog
Related words and expressions: war; enemy; dispute; struggle; soldier
Meaning and usage notes: Away works for fighting or combat. If the sense is combating a disease, problem, or injustice, pakigbatok or pakigbisog can sound more natural than a physical fight.

fight, combat, battle

Example 1

Dili siya gusto makig-away.

He or she does not want to fight.

Example 2

Kinahanglan nato pakigbatokan ang sakit.

We need to combat the disease.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Panghunahuna

Basic Vocabulary Body & Health Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

mental / of the mindadjective / noun

Alternative meanings: mental
of the mind
related to thought
intellectual
psychological
cognitive
idea or thought
mental state
Pronunciation: pang-hoo-nah-HOO-nah
Root and affixes: Panghunahuna comes from hunahuna, mind or thought. The prefix pang- indicates relation or use: something related to the mind or thinking.
Variants or conjugations: panghunahuna = mental / of the mind / related to thinking
hunahuna = mind / thought / idea
paghunahuna = thought / act of thinking
naghunahuna = thinking / mentally mindful
hunahunaon = to ponder / think deeply
mental = mental, modern loanword
mental nga kahimsog = mental health
Related words and expressions: hunahuna = mind / thought
paghunahuna = thinking / thought
salabotan = intelligence / understanding
pagsabot = comprehension
emosyon = emotion
kahimsog = health
utok = brain
Meaning and usage notes: Use panghunahuna for mental or related to the mind. In health, education, or modern psychology, mental is also understood as a loanword, especially in mental nga kahimsog.

cognitiveideamentalmental healthmindpsychologicalthought

Example 1

Importante ang mental nga kahimsog.

Mental health is important.

Example 2

Nagkinahanglan kini og kusog nga panghunahuna.

This requires mental strength.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Promosyon

Economy & Business Ideas & Abstract Concepts Work & Professions

English

promotionnoun

Alternative meanings: promotion; publicity; promotional offer; advertising push; advancement in rank or position; furtherance
Pronunciation: proh-MOHS-yohn
Root and affixes: Promosyon is a borrowed and adapted word for promotion. For the verb to promote, forms such as pagpalambo, iduso, or ituboy may be used depending on whether the meaning is to develop, push forward, or raise up.
Variants or conjugations: promosyon; prumusyun; prumusyon; pagpalambo; iduso; ituboy; prumut
Related words and expressions: pagpalambo = to promote or develop; iduso = to push forward or endorse; ituboy = to raise or support; prumut = to promote in job or grade; sale = promotional sale; advertising = publicity
Meaning and usage notes: Promosyon works as a general term. In stores or marketing it can mean publicity or a promotional offer. At work or school it can mean advancement or promotion in rank or grade. For a more native style, choose pagpalambo, iduso, or ituboy depending on the sentence.

advancementmarketingofferpromotionpublicityrank

Example 1

Naa silay promosyon karon sa tindahan.

They have a promotion at the store today.

Example 2

Nakakuha siya og promosyon sa trabaho.

He or she got a promotion at work.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

kritikar

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

to criticize; to judge; to point out faultsverb

Alternative meanings: To give a negative opinion, point out errors, or evaluate something or someone critically.
Pronunciation: kree-tee-KAR
Root and affixes: Borrowed/adapted from criticar/criticize. Saway is also used for scolding or criticizing.
Variants or conjugations: kritikar; saway; criticism; critical comment
Related words and expressions: opinion; mistake; judge; comment; advice
Meaning and usage notes: Kritikar is used for criticizing in general. Saway can sound more like scolding, reprimanding, or pointing out what is wrong.

communicationcriticismcriticizejudgeopinionverb

Example 1

Ayaw lang siya kritikar dayon.

Do not criticize him or her right away.

Example 2

Mas maayo ang tambag kaysa panaway.

Advice is better than criticism.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Panag-istorya

Basic Vocabulary Society & Community Technology & Information

English

conversation; talk; chatnoun

Pronunciation: pah-nag-is-TOR-yah
Root and affixes: Related to istorya, story, tale, or to converse. The prefix panag- marks a shared or reciprocal action, so panag-istorya focuses on conversation between people.
Meaning and usage notes: Use panag-istorya when you mean conversation as a talk between people. Istorya can also be used, but it is broader because it also means story, tale, or account. For discussion of a topic, diskusyon or hisgot may fit better.

chatcommunicationconversationdialoguepeoplespeakingtalk

Example 1

Nindot ang among panag-istorya kagabii.

Our conversation last night was nice.

Example 2

Gusto ko og tinuod nga panag-istorya.

I want an honest conversation.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Rekord

Actions & States Art, Culture & Entertainment Basic Vocabulary Home & Objects Technology & Information

English

to record / recordverb / noun

Alternative meanings: to record
to register
to make a recording
to record audio
to record video
to store information
to document
record
Pronunciation: REH-kord
Root and affixes: Rekord is a loanword from English record. In modern Cebuano it can work as a verb for recording or registering, and as a noun for a record.
Variants or conjugations: rekord = to record / to register / record
magrekord = to record / register
girekord = was recorded / was registered
rekording = recording
irekord = record something / register something
ukit = engrave or carve into stone, wood, or metal
lista = register / list / write down
tip = tape / record on tape depending on context
Related words and expressions: video = video
tingog = voice / sound
audio = audio
kamera = camera
lista = list / write down
sulat = write
ukit = carve / engrave
Meaning and usage notes: Use rekord for recording audio, video, or data. If you mean engraving a name on a ring, wood, or stone, use ukit. For saving a computer file, save is also heard.

audioengraverecordrecordingregistersavevideo

Example 1

Irekord nato ang kanta karon.

We will record the song today.

Example 2

Giukit nila ang ngalan sa singsing.

They engraved the name on the ring.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tawag

Actions & States Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

call; name; denominateverb / noun

Alternative meanings: call; name; denominate; refer to by a term; term used; call depending on context
Pronunciation: TAH-wahg
Root and affixes: Root tawag, to call or call by a name. Common forms: tawgon, will be called; gitawag, called; itawag, to call as or denominate.
Variants or conjugations: tawgon; gitawag; itawag; pagtawag; nganlan; pangalan
Related words and expressions: name; name someone; word; term; designation
Meaning and usage notes: Tawag is useful for denominating or calling something by a certain term. Nganlan is more for giving a name or formally designating.

call, name, denominate

Example 1

Unsa ang tawag ani sa Bisaya?

What is this called in Bisaya?

Example 2

Gitawag nila kini nga bag-ong pamaagi.

They called it a new method.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kakabos

Economy & Business Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

poverty / miserynoun

Alternative meanings: poverty; misery; lack of resources; lack of money; need; condition of scarcity
Pronunciation: kah-KAH-bos
Root and affixes: It comes from kabos, poor, needy, or destitute. Kakabos names the state or condition of poverty. It is also related to pobre, a Spanish loanword, and kapit-os, deprivation or extreme need.
Variants or conjugations: kakabos; kabos; pobre; kapobrehon; kapit-os; kawad-on; kakabus
Related words and expressions: kabos = poor or needy; pobre = poor; kapit-os = deprivation or need; kawad-on = lack or scarcity; limos = alms; makililimos = beggar; tabang = help
Meaning and usage notes: Kakabos is a clear option for poverty. Kabos describes a poor or needy person. Pobre is also understood as a loanword. Kapit-os emphasizes deprivation, hardship, or extreme need.

lackmiseryneedpovertyscarcitysociety

Example 1

Ang kakabos usa ka dakong problema sa daghang komunidad.

Poverty is a major problem in many communities.

Example 2

Kinahanglan og tabang ang mga pamilya nga naa sa kakabos.

Families living in poverty need help.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Trapiko

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Government, Politics & Law Society & Community Technology & Information Travel & Transportation

English

trafficnoun / related verb

Alternative meanings: traffic
road traffic
traffic jam
movement of vehicles
flow of people
data traffic
illegal trafficking, depending on context
Pronunciation: trah-PEE-koh
Root and affixes: Trapiko is a loanword from traffic/trafico. In daily use it mostly refers to road traffic; trapik is also heard for a traffic jam or congestion.
Variants or conjugations: trapiko = traffic / road traffic
trapik = traffic jam / heavy traffic / congestion
matrapik = full of traffic / congested
batas-trapiko = traffic laws
ilaw trapiko = traffic light
trapiko sa datos = data traffic
ilegal nga trapiko = illegal trafficking
Related words and expressions: dalan = road / street
sakyanan = vehicle
kotse = car
biyahe = trip
congestion = congestion
semaforo = traffic light
patigayon = trade / transaction
Meaning and usage notes: Use trapiko for road traffic or transit. If you mean traffic jam or heavy traffic, trapik or matrapik may sound more natural in conversation. For illegal trafficking, clarify the object: trapiko sa droga, trapiko sa tawo, etc.

congestiondataillegalroadtraffictransitvehicles

Example 1

Grabe kaayo ang trapiko karon.

The traffic is very heavy today.

Example 2

Naulahi ko tungod sa trapiko.

I was late because of traffic.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Linyahan

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning Technology & Information

English

to underline; to mark with a lineverb

Pronunciation: lin-YAH-han
Root and affixes: Comes from linya, line. Linyahan can mean to mark something with lines; ilinya can mean to put in line or use a line to mark, depending on the sentence.
Meaning and usage notes: Use linyahan for literal underlining, as in marking with a line. If “underline” means to emphasize or stress an idea, a literal translation may not fit; ipasiugda or hatagan og gibug-aton may work better.

linemarkstudytextunderlineunderlinedverbwrite

Example 1

Linyahan ang importante nga pulong.

Underline the important word.

Example 2

Gilingyahan niya ang sentensiya sa libro.

He/She underlined the sentence in the book.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Saad

Actions & States Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships

English

promise; vow; pledgeverb / noun

Alternative meanings: promise; vow; pledge; commitment; give ones word; make a promise
Pronunciation: SAH-ahd
Root and affixes: Root saad, promise or to promise. Common forms: mosaad, will promise; misaad, promised; gisaad, promised; panumpa or panaad can be used for a solemn vow.
Variants or conjugations: mosaad; misaad; gisaad; panaad; panumpa; pakigsaad
Related words and expressions: fulfill; word; assurance; agreement; trust
Meaning and usage notes: Saad can be a verb or a noun. For a solemn or religious vow, panaad or panumpa can sound stronger depending on context.

promise, vow, pledge

Example 1

Mosaad ko nga mobalik.

I promise that I will come back.

Example 2

Tumana ang imong saad.

Keep your promise.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

tuo

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Places & Geography

English

right; right sidenoun / place adjective

Alternative meanings: The right side or direction toward the right.
Pronunciation: TOO-oh
Root and affixes: Tuo indicates the right side. In phrases it appears as tuo nga kilid, right side.
Variants or conjugations: tuo; right side; on the right
Related words and expressions: left; side; front; back; direction
Meaning and usage notes: Tuo can also appear as to believe depending on context, but for direction it means right or right side.

directionlocationnounrightright side

Example 1

Ibutang kini sa tuo nga kilid.

Put this on the right side.

Example 2

Moliko ka sa tuo.

Turn right.

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