Vocabulario – Page 81

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Sakit

English

pain / illnessnoun / verb / adjective

Alternative meanings: pain
to hurt
ache
illness
disease
being sick, depending on context
Pronunciation: SAH-kit
Root and affixes: Base form: sakit. It can refer to pain, illness, physical discomfort, or the action of hurting depending on the sentence.
Variants or conjugations: sakit = pain / illness / to hurt / sick
masakit = painful / sore
masakiton = sickly or often ill
nasakit = became sick / was sick
gisakitan = was hurt / was affected by pain
kasakit = pain / suffering
Related words and expressions: kasakit = pain / suffering
lawas = body
tambal = medicine
doktor = doctor
ospital = hospital
maayo = good / well
Meaning and usage notes: Sakit is very common, but it can mean pain or illness. Context shows whether it refers to a medical condition, a body part that hurts, or emotional pain. For deep emotional pain, kasakit may also be used.

bodydiseasehealthhurtillnesspainsick

Example 1

Sakit akong ulo.

My head hurts.

Example 2

Naa siyay sakit.

He or she has an illness.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Yawi

Basic Vocabulary Home & Objects Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

key; clue; answer; key point depending on contextnoun

Alternative meanings: Yawi means key. It can refer to a physical key for opening a door, car, lock, or cabinet. It can also be used figuratively as the key, clue, or answer to understanding or solving something. For a digital password, many speakers use password or pasword.
Pronunciation: YAH-wee
Root and affixes: Common form: yawi. Variant: yawe. Used in phrases such as yawi sa pultahan = key to the door, yawi sa kalampusan = key to success.
Variants or conjugations: yawe; yabi; password; pasword; yawi sa pultahan; yawi sa kalampusan
Related words and expressions: key; password; code; clue; answer; important; access
Meaning and usage notes: If “clave” means important or essential, importante or mahinungdanon may fit depending on the sentence. If it means password, translate the full sentence or use password/pasword.

accessanswercluecodeimportantkeypassword

Example 1

Nawala nako ang yawi sa sakyanan.

I lost the car key.

Example 2

Ang pagtuon mao ang yawi sa kalampusan.

Studying is the key to success.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Manginahanglan

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Work & Professions

English

to require; to needVerb

Alternative meanings: to require; to need; to call for; to need a condition or requirement
Pronunciation: mah-ngee-nah-HANG-lahn
Root and affixes: Related to kinahanglan, which expresses need or requirement. Manginahanglan works as a verb meaning to need or require something.
Variants or conjugations: kinahanglan; nagkinahanglan; manginahanglan; gikinahanglan; requirement; need
Related words and expressions: need; requirement; condition; work; help; tool; necessary
Meaning and usage notes: Manginahanglan is used for requiring or needing something. To say “it is necessary,” kinahanglan may fit better. For “requirement,” kinahanglanon or requisito may be used depending on context.

actionbasic vocabularyconditionnecessityneedrequirerequirementwork

Example 1

Manginahanglan kini og daghang panahon.

This requires a lot of time.

Example 2

Nagkinahanglan mi og tabang.

We need help.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Putol

Actions & States Body & Health Home & Objects

English

cutnoun / verb

Alternative meanings: to cut; physical cut; cut-off piece; separation; to sever or amputate, depending on context
Pronunciation: POO-tol
Root and affixes: Root putol, related to cutting, separating, or splitting. Pagputol names the act of cutting; naputol indicates that something was cut or interrupted.
Variants or conjugations: pagputol; naputol; putlon; giputol; pinutol
Related words and expressions: gunting = scissors; kutsilyo = knife; hiwa = slice or cut; putol-putol = cut into parts or interrupted
Meaning and usage notes: This entry covers cut as the physical action or result of cutting. Do not confuse it with korte, which is used for court or tribunal.

cutcut-off piececuttingwound

Example 1

Adunay putol sa iyang tudlo.

There is a cut on his or her finger.

Example 2

Ang pagputol sa kahoy lisod.

Cutting the wood is difficult.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

literatura

Art, Culture & Entertainment Basic Vocabulary Education & Learning

English

literaturenoun

Alternative meanings: A body of written works such as stories, poems, novels, essays, and artistic or cultural texts. It can also refer to the study of those works.
Pronunciation: lee-teh-rah-TOO-rah
Root and affixes: Borrowed word used as a noun in educational, cultural, and artistic contexts.
Variants or conjugations: literatura; panitikan
Related words and expressions: libro = book; sugilanon = story; balak = poem
Meaning and usage notes: “Literatura” is understood in formal contexts. “Panitikan” can also be used for literature, especially in Filipino or academic contexts.

arteducationliteraturenoun

Example 1

Ganahan ko sa literatura sa Bisaya.

I like Bisaya literature.

Example 2

Nagtuon mi og literatura sa klase.

We studied literature in class.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Ilhon

Actions & States Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to identify; to recognize; to distinguishverb

Alternative meanings: To recognize or establish who or what a person, thing, or sign is; to distinguish something from another thing.
Pronunciation: EEL-hon
Root and affixes: Related to the root “ila,” which can express knowing, recognizing, or distinguishing. Related forms: ilhan, mailhan, nailhan.
Variants or conjugations: ilhan; mailhan; nailhan; giila
Related words and expressions: know; acquaintance; identifying mark; identity; sign
Meaning and usage notes: “Ilhon” works for identifying or recognizing. “Mailhan” often expresses that something can be recognized or identified. “Kailhanan” is closer to identity.

distinguishidentifyrecognizeverbs

Example 1

Ilhon nato kung kinsa siya.

We will identify who he/she is.

Example 2

Dili nako siya mailhan sa ngitngit.

I cannot recognize him/her in the dark.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

pederal

Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

federaladjective

Alternative meanings: related to a federation; related to a federal government; belonging to a political system with a central government and regions or states
Pronunciation: peh-deh-RAHL
Root and affixes: Borrowed/adapted from federal. Common Bisaya form: pederal.
Variants or conjugations: federal = direct English/Spanish variant; pederalismo = federalism; pederal nga gobyerno = federal government
Related words and expressions: pederalismo = federalism
gobyerno = government
estado = state
balaod = law
Meaning and usage notes: Pederal is used in political, legal, and administrative contexts. In English-influenced texts, federal may also appear.

federalgovernmentlawpolitics

Example 1

Gihisgutan nila ang pederal nga sistema sa gobyerno.

They discussed the federal system of government.

Example 2

Ang pederal nga balaod magamit sa tibuok nasod.

Federal law applies throughout the country.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Hugna

Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts Time & Calendar

English

stage; phase; leg; segmentnoun

Alternative meanings: A part or period within a process, trip, project, development, competition, or series of events.
Pronunciation: HOOG-nah
Root and affixes: Hugna is used for a phase, leg, or subdivision within a sequence. It can be repeated as hugna-hugna to mean in stages or by parts.
Variants or conjugations: yugto; bahin; hugna-hugna; fase
Related words and expressions: process; time; part; step; development
Meaning and usage notes: Hugna fits well for a stage of a process, project, or trip. Yugto can also mean stage, chapter, or episode, especially in stories or life stages.

developmentphaseprocessstagetime

Example 1

Anaa pa kita sa unang hugna sa proyekto.

We are still in the first stage of the project.

Example 2

Lisod kini nga hugna sa iyang kinabuhi.

This is a difficult stage of his/her life.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

rehiyonal

Basic Vocabulary Places & Geography Qualities & Descriptions

English

regionaladjective

Alternative meanings: Related to a region, zone, or specific area. It can be used for language, culture, government, economy, or regional differences.
Pronunciation: reh-hee-yoh-NAHL
Root and affixes: Borrowed word used as an adjective. Related to “rehiyon,” meaning region.
Variants or conjugations: rehiyonal; regional
Related words and expressions: rehiyon = region; lugar = place; lokal = local
Meaning and usage notes: “Rehiyonal” is used in formal or modern contexts. For something from a specific place, “lokal” may fit better depending on context.

adjectivegeographyregionregional

Example 1

Naay rehiyonal nga kalainan sa pinulongan.

There are regional differences in the language.

Example 2

Importante ang rehiyonal nga kultura.

Regional culture is important.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

komento

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary Society & Community Technology & Information

English

to comment / comment / to remarkverb / noun

Alternative meanings: To make or write an observation, opinion, or explanation about something; also the observation or opinion itself.
Pronunciation: koh-MEN-toh
Root and affixes: A modern loanword related to comment/comento, used in Cebuano for comment or to comment.
Variants or conjugations: komentaryo, nagkomento, mokomento, kumintaryu
Related words and expressions: opinion, speech, message, reply, observation
Meaning and usage notes: Komento can work as a noun, comment, and as a verb, to comment. In more formal writing, komentaryo or kumintaryu may also appear.

commentcommunicationopinionremark

Example 1

Ayaw pagkomento kung wala ka kahibalo sa tibuok istorya.

Do not comment if you do not know the whole story.

Example 2

Nindot ang iyang komento sa artikulo.

His/Her comment on the article was good.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Plasa

Basic Vocabulary Places & Geography Society & Community Travel & Transportation

English

plaza; public square; town square; central public placenoun

Alternative meanings: Plasa means plaza or public square. It is used for an open area in a town or city where people gather, walk, rest, or hold events. Spanish plaza can also mean job opening, seat, spot, or available place, but plasa mainly refers to the physical public square.
Pronunciation: PLAH-sah
Root and affixes: Borrowed from Spanish plaza and adapted in Cebuano/Bisaya as plasa.
Variants or conjugations: plása; plaza; plasa sa lungsod; parke
Related words and expressions: public square; park; town center; place; market; gathering
Meaning and usage notes: For plaza as a job opening, seat, or available spot, plasa is not always the best translation; translate the full sentence. For a public square or town plaza, plasa is natural.

gatheringmarketparkplaceplazapublic squaretown center

Example 1

Magkita ta sa plasa unya.

Let us meet at the plaza later.

Example 2

Daghang tawo sa plasa karong gabii.

There are many people at the plaza tonight.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Panghitabo

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts Nature & Weather Society & Community

English

phenomenon / eventnoun

Alternative meanings: phenomenon
event
occurrence
happening
incident
observable fact
something that takes place
Pronunciation: pang-hee-TAH-boh
Root and affixes: From hitabo, meaning to happen, pass, or occur. Panghitabo names the event, occurrence, or phenomenon that happens.
Variants or conjugations: hitabo = to happen / occur
nahitabo = happened / occurred
mga panghitabo = events / occurrences / phenomena
talagsaong panghitabo = rare phenomenon / extraordinary event
kalihokan = activity / organized event
Related words and expressions: hitabo = to happen / occur
kalihokan = activity / organized event
okasyon = occasion
katingalahan = wonder / surprising phenomenon
panahon = time / weather
balita = news
Meaning and usage notes: Panghitabo is best for phenomenon as an event, occurrence, or observable fact. For a rare, surprising, or wonderful phenomenon, katingalahan may sound better. For an organized event, kalihokan is more specific.

eventfacthappeningincidentnaturaloccurrencephenomenon

Example 1

Ang linog usa ka natural nga panghitabo.

An earthquake is a natural phenomenon.

Example 2

Importante nga panghitabo kini.

This is an important event.

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