Vocabulario – Page 60

Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Labina

English

mainly / especiallyadverb / connector

Alternative meanings: mainly; especially; above all; particularly; most of all; chiefly, depending on context
Pronunciation: lah-BEE-nah
Root and affixes: Related to labi, which can express more or a greater degree. Labina works as a marker to emphasize what is main or especially relevant.
Variants or conjugations: labina; labi na; ilabi na; labi na gyud; kasagaran; nag-una
Related words and expressions: nag-una = main or primary; kasagaran = usually or generally; importante = important; una = first; labi = more or especially
Meaning and usage notes: Labina works well for “mainly” when the meaning is “above all” or “especially”. If the meaning is “principal” as an adjective, nag-una or panguna may fit better.

above allchieflyespeciallymainlymost of allparticularly

Example 1

Ganahan ko sa musika, labina sa mga kanta nga hinay.

I like music, mainly soft songs.

Example 2

Kinahanglan nato og tabang, labina karon.

We need help, especially now.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kredito

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Technology & Information

English

creditnoun

Alternative meanings: credit
financial credit
bank credit
line of credit
academic credit
accounting credit
recognition or merit, depending on context
Pronunciation: KREH-dee-toh
Root and affixes: Kredito is a modern loanword used for credit in financial, school, or accounting contexts. For debt, loan, or payment obligation, utang is a very common word.
Variants or conjugations: kredito = credit
credit = English form used in modern contexts
utang = debt / loan / outstanding credit
pag-utang = borrowing / going into debt
pautang = lending money / granted credit
credit card = credit card, often said in English
Related words and expressions: utang = debt / loan / credit
salapi = money
bangko = bank
bayad = payment
interes = interest
negosyo = business
Meaning and usage notes: Use kredito for financial, academic, accounting, or modern credit. Use utang when the meaning is debt, loan, or money that must be paid back.

bankbusinesscreditdebtfinanceloanmoney

Example 1

Naa siyay kredito sa bangko.

He or she has credit at the bank.

Example 2

Dako na ang iyang utang.

His or her debt or outstanding credit is already large.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

maiya

Basic Vocabulary Ideas & Abstract Concepts People & Relationships

English

to belong; to be someone'sverb / expression

Alternative meanings: Indicates that something is owned by someone or belongs to a person, group, or place.
Pronunciation: mah-EE-yah
Root and affixes: Related to iya, meaning his/hers/theirs. The form expresses belonging or ownership.
Variants or conjugations: maiya; iya; sakop
Related words and expressions: iya = his / hers / theirs; akoa = mine; sakop = to belong to a group / be included
Meaning and usage notes: Maiya works for belong in the sense of being someone's property. For belonging to a group, sakop or a phrase with apil may sound better.

belonggroupownershipverb

Example 1

Maiya kini nga libro.

This book belongs to him/her.

Example 2

Sakop siya sa among grupo.

He/She belongs to our group.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kadena

Basic Vocabulary Home & Objects Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

chain; series; to chainnoun / verb

Alternative meanings: Chain; a set of connected links, a series of connected elements, or a sequence of related things. It can also be used as a verb meaning to chain or fasten with chains.
Pronunciation: kah-DEH-nah
Root and affixes: A loanword from Spanish cadena. In Cebuano it is used for physical chains and also for series or connections in a figurative sense.
Variants or conjugations: kadina = spelling variant; talikala = chain or shackle; kadinahan = to chain; kadinita = small chain
Related words and expressions: chain, connection, series, link, small chain
Meaning and usage notes: Use kadena for a physical chain, a chain of events, a business chain, or a connected series. Talikala may sound more specific for shackles or restraining chains.

chainchain upconnectionlinkseries

Example 1

Naputol ang kadena sa bisikleta.

The bicycle chain broke.

Example 2

Kini usa ka kadena sa mga panghitabo.

This is a chain of events.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Naglangkob sa

Actions & States Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts

English

to consist ofverb phrase

Alternative meanings: to consist of; to be made up of; to include; to comprise; to encompass; to be composed of
Pronunciation: nahg-LAHNG-kob sah
Root and affixes: Root: langkob, related to encompassing, including, or comprising. Naglangkob sa is used to say that something consists of or includes certain parts. Gilangkuban sa can also mean “is composed of”.
Variants or conjugations: naglangkob sa; naglangkob; gilangkuban sa; langkob; apil; sulod sa
Related words and expressions: gilangkuban sa = is composed of; apil = included; sulod = inside or content; bahin = part; komposisyon = composition; elemento = element
Meaning and usage notes: Spanish “consistir” usually needs “en”. In Bisaya/Cebuano, naglangkob sa works best as a complete expression for “consistir en” or “consist of”.

be made up ofcompriseconsistconsist ofencompassinclude

Example 1

Ang proyekto naglangkob sa tulo ka bahin.

The project consists of three parts.

Example 2

Ang leksyon naglangkob sa pagbasa ug pagsulat.

The lesson consists of reading and writing.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Layo

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Ideas & Abstract Concepts Places & Geography Qualities & Descriptions

English

far / distantadverb / adjective

Alternative meanings: far
distant
remote
far away
at a great distance
far from something
not near, depending on context
Pronunciation: LAH-yoh
Root and affixes: Layo expresses distance. It can work as an adverb or adjective. Kalayo may refer to distance, and palayo means to move away or go farther.
Variants or conjugations: layo = far / distant
layo kaayo = very far
layo pa = still far
layo sa = far from
layo-layo = somewhat far / fairly far
kalayo = distance, depending on context
palayo = move away / go farther
Related words and expressions: duol = near
palayo = move away
duol-duol = somewhat near
didto = over there
gikan = from
lugar = place
Meaning and usage notes: Use layo for far or distant. Its natural opposite is duol, meaning near. Figuratively, layo ra can mean something is far from being correct or comparable.

adverbdistancedistantfarfar awayplaceremote

Example 1

Layo kaayo ang among balay.

Our house is very far.

Example 2

Layo pa ang terminal?

Is the terminal still far?

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Seryoso

Basic Vocabulary Body & Health Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

seriousadjective

Alternative meanings: serious
sincere
earnest
formal
solemn
not joking
important or not superficial
Pronunciation: sehr-YOH-soh
Root and affixes: Borrowed through Spanish “serio” and English “serious,” adapted as seryoso in Cebuano.
Variants or conjugations: seryo = serious, shorter variant
seryosohon = to take seriously
magseryoso = to become serious
seryoso kaayo = very serious
grabe = grave / severe / serious, depending on context
Related words and expressions: grabe = grave / severe
tinuod = true / real
formal = formal
maligdong = dignified / solemn
bug-at = heavy / serious
delikado = delicate / dangerous
Meaning and usage notes: Use seryoso for a serious person, serious tone, serious relationship, or when someone is not joking. For serious as grave, severe, or critical, grabe may sound more natural.

earnestformalgraveimportantnot jokingserioussinceresolemn

Example 1

Seryoso ka ba?

Are you serious?

Example 2

Seryoso kaayo ang iyang nawong.

His/Her face looks very serious.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Kostar

Basic Vocabulary Economy & Business Numbers & Quantities

English

to cost; to be worth; to have a priceverb

Alternative meanings: To cost or be worth; to have a price, require an amount of money, or involve a cost in time, effort, work, or sacrifice.
Pronunciation: kohs-TAR
Root and affixes: A loanword from Spanish costar. It is related to price, expense, and value in buying, economic, or effort-related contexts.
Variants or conjugations: presyo = price; gasto = cost or expense; pila = how much or how much does it cost; bili = value or price
Related words and expressions: price, expense, value, amount, cheap
Meaning and usage notes: Use kostar to say that something costs a certain amount. In everyday questions, pila is often used, as in Pila ni? = How much does this cost?

costexpensemoneypriceworth

Example 1

Pila ang kostar ani?

How much does this cost?

Example 2

Dako ang kostar sa proyekto.

The project costs a lot.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

buhaton

Actions & States Basic Vocabulary

English

to make; to prepare; to elaborateverb

Alternative meanings: To create, prepare, or make something through a process or with care, such as a document, plan, product, idea, or food.
Pronunciation: boo-HAH-tohn
Root and affixes: Related to buhat, meaning to do, make, or work. The -on form indicates an action directed toward something to be made.
Variants or conjugations: buhaton; himoon; andamon
Related words and expressions: buhat = to do / work; himo = to make / create; plano = plan; andam = prepare
Meaning and usage notes: “Buhaton” works for to make or elaborate something in a general sense. For preparing food, “lutoon” or “andamon” may fit; for developing a plan, “himo og plano” may sound more natural.

elaboratemakeprepareverb

Example 1

Buhaton nato ang plano karon.

We will make the plan today.

Example 2

Kinahanglan buhaton og tarong ang dokumento.

The document needs to be prepared properly.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Literari

Art, Culture & Entertainment Education & Learning Qualities & Descriptions

English

literaryadjective

Alternative meanings: literary; related to literature; characteristic of written works; formal or artistic in style; bookish in a literary sense
Pronunciation: lee-teh-RAH-ree
Root and affixes: Loanword from English literary adapted as literari. It works as an adjective and often appears with words like style, work, criticism, or text.
Variants or conjugations: literari; literary; literatura; sinulat nga literari; estilo nga literari
Related words and expressions: literatura = literature; libro = book; sinulat = written; sugilanon = story; balak = poem; nobela = novel
Meaning and usage notes: Literari is useful in educational, cultural, and literary criticism contexts. In everyday conversation it may sound more natural to explain “may kalabotan sa literatura,” meaning related to literature.

booksliteraryliterary styleliterary workliteraturewriting

Example 1

Kini usa ka literari nga buhat.

This is a literary work.

Example 2

Ganahan siya og literari nga estilo sa pagsulat.

He/She likes a literary style of writing.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Tukma

Basic Vocabulary Connectors & Function Words Education & Learning Ideas & Abstract Concepts Qualities & Descriptions

English

precisely / exactlyadverb / adjective

Alternative meanings: precisely
exactly
accurately
correct
precise
suitable
appropriate
matching well
Pronunciation: TOOK-mah
Root and affixes: Tukma can work as an adjective meaning exact, correct, or appropriate, and as an adverb meaning exactly or precisely. Pagtukma is related to matching, fitting, or making something correspond.
Variants or conjugations: tukma = precisely / exactly / correct
tukma nga = exactly / precisely
tukma kaayo = very exact / very suitable
pagtukma = matching / adjustment / correspondence
mitukma = matched / turned out correct
gayud / gyud = really / indeed / exactly, as emphasis
Related words and expressions: husto = correct / enough / fair
sakto = correct / exact, common loanword
gayud = certainly / really
mao = that / that is so
angay = appropriate / suitable
Meaning and usage notes: Use tukma for precisely or exactly when talking about accuracy, precision, or correspondence. For conversational emphasis like “just that” or “really,” gyud/gayud may sound more natural.

accurateadverbcorrectexactlyprecisepreciselysuitable

Example 1

Tukma nga alas siyete nagsugod ang programa.

The program started exactly at seven.

Example 2

Tukma ang imong tubag.

Your answer is accurate.

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Bisaya · Cebuano · Vocabulary

Konstitusyonal

Basic Vocabulary Government, Politics & Law Ideas & Abstract Concepts Society & Community

English

constitutionaladjective

Alternative meanings: constitutional
related to the constitution
in accordance with the constitution
related to fundamental law
proper to a constitutional system
Pronunciation: kon-stee-too-syoh-NAHL
Root and affixes: Derived from “konstitusyon,” meaning constitution. Konstitusyonal works as an adjective for something related to the constitution or in accordance with it.
Variants or conjugations: konstitusyon = constitution
konstitusyonal = constitutional
batakang balaod = fundamental law / constitution
balaodnon = legal / juridical, depending on context
anti-konstitusyonal = unconstitutional
Related words and expressions: konstitusyon = constitution
batakang balaod = fundamental law
balaod = law
gobyerno = government
korte = court
katungod = right
demokrasya = democracy
Meaning and usage notes: Use konstitusyonal for something constitutional or related to the constitution. It is not the same as “to constitute” in the sense of forming or establishing something; for that, words like tukod or formar may fit depending on context.

constitutionconstitutionalfundamental lawgovernmentlawlegalpoliticsrights

Example 1

Importante ang konstitusyonal nga katungod sa mga tawo.

The constitutional rights of the people are important.

Example 2

Gisusi sa korte kung konstitusyonal ba ang balaod.

The court reviewed whether the law was constitutional.

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